【摘要】：20世紀(jì)八九十年代以來(lái),與環(huán)境保護(hù)有關(guān)的貿(mào)易措施被越來(lái)越頻繁的使用,這類措施經(jīng)常使包括我國(guó)在內(nèi)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家外貿(mào)出口受阻。如何面對(duì)這類被泛稱為“綠色壁壘”的貿(mào)易措施,以及怎樣能夠更好的運(yùn)用有關(guān)這類措施的國(guó)際規(guī)則需要我們進(jìn)一步研究。本文從WTO框架下的貿(mào)易規(guī)則和與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的環(huán)境措施之間的關(guān)系入手,以關(guān)稅和貿(mào)易總協(xié)定與世界貿(mào)易組織的規(guī)則及其裁決的相關(guān)案例為基礎(chǔ),分析了影響與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的環(huán)境措施的國(guó)際貿(mào)易規(guī)則,目的是尋找一種途徑,使環(huán)境措施與WTO規(guī)則相協(xié)調(diào)。這里協(xié)調(diào)有兩方面的含義：一方面是環(huán)境措施要符合貿(mào)易規(guī)則,二是如果貿(mào)易規(guī)則對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)而言不充分應(yīng)該如何對(duì)貿(mào)易規(guī)則進(jìn)行完善。 文章主體第一部分概要地介紹了與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的環(huán)境措施的概念和WTO協(xié)議中有關(guān)環(huán)境措施的規(guī)定,其中詳細(xì)討論了GATT第20條“一般例外”條款中有關(guān)環(huán)境保護(hù)的規(guī)定,并簡(jiǎn)明扼要的介紹了WTO其他協(xié)議中有關(guān)環(huán)境的規(guī)定,為以下的論文做鋪墊。在接下來(lái)的各部分中,本文選擇了爭(zhēng)議較小的,更切實(shí)可行的環(huán)境措施作為研究對(duì)象,并對(duì)這些措施與WTO的協(xié)調(diào)性問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了針對(duì)性討論。第二部分分析了多邊環(huán)境協(xié)議中的貿(mào)易措施與WTO規(guī)則的關(guān)系。由于多邊環(huán)境條約的內(nèi)容復(fù)雜,本文選擇了三個(gè)具有代表性的環(huán)境條約作為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合案例,把多邊環(huán)境協(xié)議中的貿(mào)易措施與WTO規(guī)則的沖突總結(jié)為規(guī)則沖突和管轄權(quán)沖突兩個(gè)方面,并提出了WTO框架下將兩者進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)的途徑。第三部分研究了環(huán)境稅措施與WTO規(guī)則的協(xié)調(diào)性問(wèn)題�？梢钥隙ǖ氖�,征收環(huán)境稅的措施只要符合國(guó)民待遇,就被認(rèn)為與WTO規(guī)則相符。主要問(wèn)題是邊境稅調(diào)整措施是否符合WTO的有關(guān)規(guī)則。第四部分探討了環(huán)境標(biāo)志與WTO規(guī)則的相符性問(wèn)題,把環(huán)境標(biāo)志作為一種環(huán)境措施在很多國(guó)家都有使用,需要重視的是如何謹(jǐn)慎地使用強(qiáng)制性環(huán)境標(biāo)志,使之符合WTO的相關(guān)規(guī)定。第五部分提出了我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境措施的策略。一方面,要立足發(fā)展中國(guó)家的現(xiàn)狀,和其他成員方廣泛的開(kāi)展合作,努力成為“游戲規(guī)則”的制定者；另一方面,要完善國(guó)內(nèi)的環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和環(huán)境稅收制度,建立環(huán)境資源產(chǎn)權(quán)制度和綠色預(yù)警機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s and 1990s, trade measures related to environmental protection have been used more and more frequently, which often hinder the export of developing countries, including China. How to face this kind of trade measures, which are generally called "green barriers", and how to make better use of the international rules about these measures need further study. This paper begins with the relationship between trade rules and trade-related environmental measures under the framework of WTO, based on the rules of the General Agreement on tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and their rulings. This paper analyzes the rules of international trade which affect the environmental measures related to trade in order to find a way to harmonize the environmental measures with the WTO rules. There are two meanings of coordination here: one is that environmental measures should conform to trade rules, the other is how to perfect trade rules if trade rules are not sufficient for environmental protection. In the first part of the paper, the concept of trade-related environmental measures and the provisions on environmental measures in WTO agreement are briefly introduced. The environmental protection provisions of GATT Article 20 "General exception" clause are discussed in detail. And briefly introduces the environmental provisions of other WTO protocols, which pave the way for the following papers. In the following parts, this paper chooses the less controversial and more practical environmental measures as the research object, and discusses the coordination between these measures and WTO. The second part analyzes the relationship between trade measures and WTO rules in Meas. Because of the complexity of multilateral environmental treaties, this paper chooses three representative environmental treaties as the research object. The conflicts between trade measures and WTO rules in multilateral environmental agreements are summarized as two aspects: conflict of rules and conflicts of jurisdiction, and the ways to coordinate the two measures under the framework of WTO are put forward. The third part studies the coordination of environmental tax measures and WTO rules. To be sure, environmental tax measures are considered consistent with WTO rules as long as they comply with national treatment. The main question is whether the border tax adjustment measures comply with the relevant rules of the WTO. The fourth part discusses the conformity between environmental label and WTO rules. Environmental label is used as an environmental measure in many countries. What we should pay attention to is how to use compulsory environmental label carefully to make it conform to the relevant regulations of WTO. The fifth part puts forward the strategy of our country's environmental measures. On the one hand, they should base themselves on the current situation in developing countries, and cooperate extensively with other members in an effort to become the makers of the "rules of the game"; on the other hand, they should improve domestic environmental standards and environmental taxation systems. Establish environmental resource property right system and green early warning mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

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本文編號(hào)：2231751