【摘要】：作為國際法上最為嚴(yán)重的罪行，戰(zhàn)爭罪從傳統(tǒng)國際法中只規(guī)范作戰(zhàn)手段，發(fā)展到國際人道法領(lǐng)域；從只規(guī)范國際性的武裝沖突發(fā)展到適用于國內(nèi)武裝沖突；從國家責(zé)任原則發(fā)展到個人刑事責(zé)任原則。順應(yīng)國際社會和平發(fā)展的主題，是國際人權(quán)保護(hù)原則的發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果，也是社會文明進(jìn)步的重要體現(xiàn)。 本文主要介紹了戰(zhàn)爭罪的概念、歷史演變、犯罪構(gòu)成以及戰(zhàn)爭罪的責(zé)任。 首先，從發(fā)展的角度以國際立法和審判實踐為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，揭示了伴隨著戰(zhàn)爭從一種國家天然權(quán)利到成為國際社會所禁止的“戰(zhàn)爭罪”的過程，，戰(zhàn)爭罪概念的內(nèi)涵和外延不斷擴(kuò)展的發(fā)展過程。 其次，對戰(zhàn)爭罪的犯罪構(gòu)成進(jìn)行研究和探索，分別從主體要件、客觀要件、主觀要件方面分析了戰(zhàn)爭罪的構(gòu)成。對于戰(zhàn)爭罪的主體要件，主要從行為主體和責(zé)任主體兩個方面出發(fā)闡述，探討了法學(xué)理論界對國家作為戰(zhàn)爭罪責(zé)任主體的相關(guān)爭議�？陀^要件主要從戰(zhàn)爭罪的行為要件、危害結(jié)果及二者之間的因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。對主觀要件的分析得出了構(gòu)成戰(zhàn)爭罪的主要心理狀態(tài)是明知或故意，特殊情況下過失也有可能成為戰(zhàn)爭罪的主觀心理要件。 最后，從國家責(zé)任和個人責(zé)任兩個不同的角度分析了戰(zhàn)爭罪的責(zé)任模式，明確了國家責(zé)任和個人責(zé)任各自不同的性質(zhì)，并分別從責(zé)任的產(chǎn)生、構(gòu)成以及責(zé)任的排除三個角度論證了戰(zhàn)爭罪的責(zé)任承擔(dān)機(jī)制。通過分析，可以看到戰(zhàn)爭罪不斷發(fā)展和完善的過程。
[Abstract]:As the most serious crime in international law, war crimes have developed from traditional international law to the field of international humanitarian law, from only regulating international armed conflicts to internal armed conflicts. From the principle of state responsibility to the principle of individual criminal responsibility. Conforming to the theme of peaceful development of the international community is the inevitable result of the development of the international human rights protection principle and an important embodiment of the progress of social civilization. This paper mainly introduces the concept of war crimes, the evolution of history, the constitution of crimes and the responsibility of war crimes. First of all, from the perspective of development, starting from international legislation and trial practice, it reveals the process of war from being a natural right of a nation to becoming a "war crime" prohibited by the international community. The connotation and extension of the concept of war crimes are expanding. Secondly, it studies and explores the constitution of war crimes, and analyzes the constitution of war crimes from the aspects of subjective elements, objective elements and subjective elements. As for the main elements of war crimes, this paper mainly expounds from two aspects: the main body of action and the subject of responsibility, and probes into the relevant disputes in the field of legal theory on the state as the subject of responsibility for war crimes. The objective elements are mainly analyzed from the behavioral elements of war crimes, the harmful results and the causality between them. From the analysis of subjective elements, it is concluded that the main mental state of war crimes is knowing or intentionally, and negligence may also be the subjective mental element of war crimes under special circumstances. Finally, from two different angles of state responsibility and individual responsibility, this paper analyzes the pattern of war crimes responsibility, clarifies the different nature of state responsibility and individual responsibility, and respectively from the generation of responsibility. The constitution and the exclusion of responsibility demonstrate the mechanism of the responsibility of war crimes. Through analysis, we can see the continuous development and improvement of war crimes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D997.9

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