【摘要】：信用證作為當(dāng)前國際貿(mào)易重要的支付工具和融資手段,以銀行信用取代商業(yè)信用,較好地解決了交易雙方的風(fēng)險分擔(dān)問題,推動和保障了國際貿(mào)易的快速發(fā)展。19世紀(jì)初,隨著國際貿(mào)易交往的頻繁,當(dāng)事人急需一種更為安全、快捷的支付方式,信用證應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,并逐漸在各國普遍推廣及應(yīng)用。信用證最大的優(yōu)勢在其所特有的獨(dú)立抽象原則,此原則作為信用證的基石,保障了信用證支付功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此,各國法院在處理信用證爭端時,優(yōu)先考慮對其的適用。然而獨(dú)立抽象原則在保障信用證支付的同時,也為一些不法分子實(shí)施欺詐提供了可乘之機(jī)。從20世紀(jì)80年代開始,信用證欺詐的案件大幅增加,這不僅阻礙了國際貿(mào)易的順利進(jìn)行,且對信用證交易機(jī)制造成了嚴(yán)重危害。為了解決此問題,信用證欺詐例外原則應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。 信用證欺詐例外原則首先在美國的司法實(shí)踐中得以確立,隨后在世界各個國家及地區(qū)得以發(fā)展。信用證欺詐例外原則并不是對獨(dú)立抽象原則的否定,而只是對其在例外情況下的一種補(bǔ)充,它是指對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的欺詐行為,允許銀行拒付或由法院頒發(fā)禁付令。對信用證欺詐例外原則的適用,國際社會沒有形成統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)則。各國在適用該原則時都力求實(shí)現(xiàn)交易雙方的利益平衡,所以對欺詐例外原則都有嚴(yán)格的適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。我國在信用證欺詐方面制定的專門立法的也并不完善,存在許多有待解決的問題。鑒于此,筆者在總結(jié)先前學(xué)者對信用證欺詐例外原則研究的基礎(chǔ)上提出己見,以期為完善我國信用證欺詐例外立法及司法實(shí)踐貢獻(xiàn)綿薄之力。 本文分為四部分對信用證欺詐例外原則進(jìn)行論述。第一部分,對信用證欺詐例外原則進(jìn)行概述。從信用證欺詐例外原則的含義入手,分析其產(chǎn)生的原因及理論基礎(chǔ)。第二部分,對信用證欺詐例外原則予以比較法分析。通過對信用證欺詐例外原則在英美法系、大陸法系國家的確立和發(fā)展,以及國際商事慣例及國際公約中的相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行分析,比較它們在適用方面的優(yōu)勢和不足。第三部分,對信用證欺詐例外原則的適用問題進(jìn)行研究。分別從其適用條件、適用的法律后果、適用中的舉證責(zé)任及排除情形闡述了自己的看法。第四部分,在介紹了我國信用證欺詐例外原則的立法和司法現(xiàn)狀,分析存在的問題的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了完善建議。
[Abstract]:As an important means of payment and financing in current international trade, L / C replaces commercial credit with bank credit, which solves the problem of risk sharing between both sides of the transaction and promotes and guarantees the rapid development of international trade at the beginning of the 19th century. With the frequent international trade exchanges, the parties are in urgent need of a more secure and fast way of payment. Letters of credit emerge as the times require, and are gradually popularized and applied in various countries. The biggest advantage of the letter of credit lies in its unique principle of independence and abstraction, which, as the cornerstone of the letter of credit, guarantees the realization of the payment function of the letter of credit. Therefore, when dealing with the dispute of letter of credit, the courts of various countries give priority to its application. However, the principle of independence and abstraction not only guarantees the payment of letters of credit, but also provides an opportunity for some lawbreakers to carry out fraud. Since the eighties of the 20th century, the cases of letter of credit fraud have increased dramatically, which not only hinders the smooth progress of international trade, but also causes serious harm to the trading mechanism of letters of credit. In order to solve this problem, the principle of fraud exception arises at the historic moment. The exception principle of letter of credit fraud was first established in the judicial practice of the United States, and then developed in various countries and regions of the world. The principle of fraud exception of letter of credit is not the negation of the principle of independence and abstraction, but only a supplement to the principle in exceptional circumstances. It means that the bank may refuse to pay or the court may issue an injunction to the fraud that has occurred. There are no uniform standards and rules for the application of the exception principle of letter of credit fraud. When applying this principle, all countries strive to achieve the balance of interests between the parties to the transaction, so there are strict applicable standards for the principle of fraud exception. The special legislation on letter of credit fraud in our country is not perfect, there are many problems to be solved. In view of this, the author puts forward his own views on the basis of summarizing the previous researches on the principle of fraud exception of letter of credit, in order to contribute to the perfection of the legislation and judicial practice of fraud exception of letter of credit in China. This paper is divided into four parts to discuss the exception principle of letter of credit fraud. The first part summarizes the exception principle of letter of credit fraud. This paper starts with the meaning of the principle of fraud exception of letter of credit, and analyzes its causes and theoretical basis. In the second part, the author makes a comparative analysis of the principle of fraud exception in letter of credit. Through the analysis of the establishment and development of the exception principle of letter of credit fraud in the common law system, the civil law system countries, and the relevant provisions of international commercial practice and international conventions, the advantages and disadvantages in their application are compared. In the third part, the application of the principle of fraud exception in letter of credit is studied. The author expounds his own views from its applicable conditions, applicable legal consequences, the burden of proof in the application and the circumstances of exclusion. In the fourth part, on the basis of introducing the legislation and judicial status of the principle of fraud exception of letter of credit in China, and analyzing the existing problems, the author puts forward some suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996;F740.4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 郝艷紅;A公司出口貿(mào)易中信用證風(fēng)險及防范對策研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：2174345