【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的推進(jìn)加快了貿(mào)易自由化的發(fā)展,而貿(mào)易自由化的發(fā)展又更加促進(jìn)了各國(guó)產(chǎn)品在世界范圍內(nèi)的廣泛流通。一方面,這在一定程度上加快了世界各國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、優(yōu)化了全球的資源配置,而另一方面,貿(mào)易導(dǎo)致的環(huán)境污染問題也越來越成為國(guó)際社會(huì)所關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)話題。由于貿(mào)易的自由化,一國(guó)可以自由地在世界范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)口本國(guó)所需要的產(chǎn)品,也可以將本國(guó)的產(chǎn)品出口到其他各個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。表面上看,貿(mào)易是優(yōu)化全球資源配置、增加社會(huì)財(cái)富、推動(dòng)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和國(guó)際文化交流的動(dòng)力,與環(huán)境并沒有必然聯(lián)系,但從實(shí)際來看,目前諸多的環(huán)境問題卻與貿(mào)易有著直接或間接的關(guān)系。而隨著這種關(guān)系的日益密切,限制貿(mào)易的環(huán)境保護(hù)措施也逐漸成為國(guó)際社會(huì)解決貿(mào)易污染環(huán)境問題的主要手段。這在一定程度上確實(shí)有利于環(huán)境保護(hù),有效避免了貿(mào)易中的環(huán)境污染問題,但隨之而來的就是“綠色壁壘”的廣泛出現(xiàn)。在貿(mào)易與環(huán)境問題中“綠色壁壘”不僅嚴(yán)重阻礙貿(mào)易的健康發(fā)展,也不利于根本上解決貿(mào)易過程中的環(huán)境污染問題。因此,隨著貿(mào)易自由化的發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)熱潮的高漲,貿(mào)易與環(huán)境保護(hù)問題將會(huì)越來越突出,二者之間的沖突也將越來越明顯。 根據(jù)WTO統(tǒng)計(jì),2008年我國(guó)全球貿(mào)易排名已躍居世界第三位。作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家,我國(guó)已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)貿(mào)易大國(guó),大量的國(guó)外產(chǎn)品將通過貿(mào)易進(jìn)入到我國(guó),而我國(guó)的資源也會(huì)通過貿(mào)易出口到世界各國(guó)。但目前,很多發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家為了避免本國(guó)環(huán)境的污染,利用其經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)、資金等優(yōu)勢(shì),將重污染企業(yè)紛紛轉(zhuǎn)移到我國(guó)境內(nèi),通過貿(mào)易從我國(guó)大量進(jìn)口生產(chǎn)過程對(duì)環(huán)境造成不利影響的各種產(chǎn)品,并以此來實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易利益和環(huán)境利益。而對(duì)于我國(guó)來說,一些貿(mào)易商為了獲得更多的出口利潤(rùn),不惜付出污染環(huán)境的代價(jià)來大量生產(chǎn)國(guó)外所需要的產(chǎn)品,在獲得了巨額利潤(rùn)的同時(shí)也對(duì)我國(guó)環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的污染和破壞。 隨著我國(guó)貿(mào)易的不斷發(fā)展,我國(guó)環(huán)境所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和壓力也將越來越大。正確把握我國(guó)貿(mào)易發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系,解決貿(mào)易與環(huán)境之間的沖突,已是我國(guó)目前所必須面對(duì)的重要問題。因此,在貿(mào)易和環(huán)境保護(hù)這兩種利益的沖突下,如何在當(dāng)前國(guó)際形勢(shì)和我國(guó)實(shí)際情況下采取有效的應(yīng)對(duì)措施,解決我國(guó)貿(mào)易與環(huán)境保護(hù)問題將是關(guān)系到我國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)久經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和保持良好環(huán)境的重要課題。本文將從貿(mào)易與環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)系入手,找到二者的沖突及其原因,然后歸納和評(píng)價(jià)國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)貿(mào)易與環(huán)境保護(hù)問題的立法規(guī)定,并分析目前的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),結(jié)合我國(guó)貿(mào)易和環(huán)境保護(hù)的國(guó)內(nèi)立法現(xiàn)狀,最終提出我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)貿(mào)易與環(huán)境保護(hù)問題的立法建議,為我國(guó)貿(mào)易與環(huán)境保護(hù)問題的研究提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:The development of economic globalization accelerates the development of trade liberalization, and the development of trade liberalization promotes the wide circulation of products in the world. On the one hand, it accelerates the economic development of the world to a certain extent and optimizes the global resource allocation. On the other hand, the environmental pollution caused by trade has become the focus of attention of the international community. Due to the liberalization of trade, a country can freely import its own products from all over the world, or export its products to other countries and regions. On the face of it, trade is the driving force for optimizing global resource allocation, increasing social wealth, promoting international economic development and international cultural exchange, and is not necessarily related to the environment, but from a practical point of view, At present, many environmental problems have direct or indirect relationship with trade. With the development of this relationship, the environmental protection measures which restrict trade gradually become the main means to solve the problem of trade pollution in the international community. To a certain extent, it is beneficial to environmental protection and effectively avoids the environmental pollution in trade, but followed by the widespread emergence of "green barriers". In trade and environment, "green barrier" not only seriously hinders the healthy development of trade, but also is unfavorable to solving the problem of environmental pollution in the course of trade. Therefore, with the development of trade liberalization and the upsurge of environmental protection, the problems of trade and environmental protection will become more and more prominent, and the conflict between them will become more and more obvious. According to WTO statistics, China's global trade ranking has leapt to the third place in the world in 2008. As a developing country, China has become a big trading country, a large number of foreign products will enter our country through trade, and our resources will be exported to the world through trade. But at present, in order to avoid environmental pollution in their own countries, many developed countries have used their economic, technological and financial advantages to transfer heavily polluted enterprises to our country one after another. In order to realize the benefits of trade and environment, a large number of products are imported from China through trade, which have adverse effects on the environment. For our country, in order to obtain more export profits, some traders pay the cost of polluting the environment to mass produce products needed abroad. At the same time, it has caused serious pollution and damage to the environment of our country. With the development of our country's trade, our country's environment will face more and more challenges and pressures. To correctly grasp the relationship between trade development and environmental protection and to resolve the conflict between trade and environment is an important problem that our country must face at present. Therefore, in the conflict of interests between trade and environmental protection, how to take effective countermeasures in the current international situation and in the actual situation of our country, To solve the problems of trade and environmental protection in China will be an important issue related to the realization of long-term economic development and the maintenance of a good environment in China. Starting with the relationship between trade and environmental protection, this paper will find out the conflict between the two and their causes, and then summarize and evaluate the international legislation on trade and environmental protection, and analyze the current development trend. Combined with the current situation of domestic legislation on trade and environmental protection in China, this paper finally puts forward some legislative suggestions to deal with the problems of trade and environmental protection, which provides a new way of thinking for the study of trade and environmental protection in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996;D922.68;D922.295

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