沿海國船舶污染管轄權(quán)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-02 17:31
【摘要】：管轄權(quán)是海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)法律制度中的一個(gè)核心問題,海洋環(huán)境污染的管轄權(quán)是一個(gè)涉及到在不同海域發(fā)生不同來源的污染行為應(yīng)該由哪個(gè)國家管轄和以什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管轄的問題。針對日益嚴(yán)重的船舶污染事件的頻繁發(fā)生,各個(gè)國家對于船舶污染的管理和防治工作尤為重要,因此,研究沿海國船舶污染的管轄權(quán)問題是有一定的理論意義和實(shí)踐意義的。 本文共分為四個(gè)部分,第一部分介紹了船舶污染的概念與分類、船舶污染管轄權(quán)的歷史發(fā)展及沿海國管轄權(quán)的法律淵源,主要是對沿海國船舶污染的管轄權(quán)做了一個(gè)大體的概述。 第二部分分析了《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》對沿海國船舶污染管轄權(quán)的規(guī)定。1982年《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》是到目前為止被認(rèn)為最完整最全面的海洋法法典�！堵�(lián)合國海洋法公約》第十二部分是控制海洋環(huán)境污染、保護(hù)海洋環(huán)境的國際立法的重要組成部分。其中對船舶污染的管轄權(quán)問題作了詳細(xì)的規(guī)定�！堵�(lián)合國海洋法公約》在保護(hù)海洋環(huán)境的立法管轄權(quán)和執(zhí)行管轄權(quán)兩方面賦予沿海國和港口國一定范圍的管轄權(quán),船旗國、沿海國和港口國這三種管轄權(quán)之間既不是共同管轄,也不是平等管轄,而是并行管轄和協(xié)調(diào)管轄的關(guān)系。 第三部分介紹了美加兩國關(guān)于船舶污染管轄權(quán)的立法與實(shí)踐。美國和加拿大都是海洋大國,兩個(gè)國家的相關(guān)法律制度對完善中國的船源污染防治法律制度具有一定的參考價(jià)值。美國是較早進(jìn)行有關(guān)船舶污染立法工作的沿海國家之一。在世界立法發(fā)展上,美國的船源污染的立法最為完備、最具代表性。加拿大歷來都是十分重視海洋的開發(fā)與管理,合理利用海洋,充分保護(hù)海洋環(huán)境,保證海洋的可持續(xù)開發(fā)已經(jīng)成為加拿大的重要國家戰(zhàn)略決策,其國家海洋立法有著非常悠久的歷史。在海洋管理的各個(gè)方面都是有法可依的。 第四部分介紹了中國船舶污染管轄權(quán)的法律現(xiàn)狀及完善建議。中國在管制船舶污染海洋環(huán)境方面,雖然已經(jīng)基本形成了一個(gè)包括法律、行政法規(guī)和國際公約在內(nèi)的多層次的法律框架,但是中國在防止船舶污染執(zhí)法管理體制方面仍然存在著許多問題,在一定程度上制約著中國政府的一系列工作,因此非常有必要借鑒國外在此問題上的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn),對管理體制進(jìn)行改革,使其利益最大化。
[Abstract]:Jurisdiction is a core issue in the legal system of marine environmental protection. The jurisdiction of marine environmental pollution is a question concerning which country should have jurisdiction and what standard should be applied to the conduct of pollution from different sources in different sea areas. In view of the frequent occurrence of increasingly serious ship pollution incidents, it is particularly important for various countries to manage and prevent ship pollution. Therefore, it is of certain theoretical and practical significance to study the jurisdiction of ship pollution in coastal countries. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the concept and classification of ship pollution, the historical development of ship pollution jurisdiction and the legal origin of coastal state jurisdiction. Mainly to the coastal state ship pollution jurisdiction has made a general outline. The second part analyzes the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the pollution jurisdiction of coastal States from ships. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is considered to be the most complete and comprehensive law of the sea code by far. < United Nations Law of the Sea Part XII of the Law Convention deals with the control of pollution of the marine environment, An important part of international legislation for the protection of the marine environment. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea grants a certain range of jurisdiction to coastal States and port States in terms of legislative and enforcement jurisdiction for the protection of the marine environment, the flag State of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, The three jurisdictions of coastal state and port state are neither joint jurisdiction nor equal jurisdiction, but the relationship between concurrent jurisdiction and coordinated jurisdiction. The third part introduces the legislation and practice of ship pollution jurisdiction between the United States and Canada. The United States and Canada are both large marine countries, and the relevant legal systems of the two countries have certain reference value for perfecting the legal system of ship pollution prevention and control in China. The United States is one of the coastal countries that carried out legislation on ship pollution earlier. In the development of world legislation, the legislation of ship-source pollution in the United States is the most complete and representative. Canada has always attached great importance to the development and management of the oceans. The rational use of the oceans, the full protection of the marine environment and the sustainable development of the oceans have become an important national strategic decision of Canada. Its national maritime legislation has a very long history. There are laws to follow in all aspects of ocean management. The fourth part introduces the current legal situation of China's ship pollution jurisdiction and some suggestions to improve it. Although China has basically formed a multi-level legal framework, including laws, administrative regulations and international conventions, in the control of pollution of the marine environment by ships, However, there are still many problems in the management system of preventing ship pollution enforcement in China, which to a certain extent restricts the Chinese government's work, so it is very necessary to learn from the experience of foreign countries on this issue. Reform the management system to maximize its benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5
本文編號(hào)：2160160
[Abstract]:Jurisdiction is a core issue in the legal system of marine environmental protection. The jurisdiction of marine environmental pollution is a question concerning which country should have jurisdiction and what standard should be applied to the conduct of pollution from different sources in different sea areas. In view of the frequent occurrence of increasingly serious ship pollution incidents, it is particularly important for various countries to manage and prevent ship pollution. Therefore, it is of certain theoretical and practical significance to study the jurisdiction of ship pollution in coastal countries. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the concept and classification of ship pollution, the historical development of ship pollution jurisdiction and the legal origin of coastal state jurisdiction. Mainly to the coastal state ship pollution jurisdiction has made a general outline. The second part analyzes the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the pollution jurisdiction of coastal States from ships. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is considered to be the most complete and comprehensive law of the sea code by far. < United Nations Law of the Sea Part XII of the Law Convention deals with the control of pollution of the marine environment, An important part of international legislation for the protection of the marine environment. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea grants a certain range of jurisdiction to coastal States and port States in terms of legislative and enforcement jurisdiction for the protection of the marine environment, the flag State of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, The three jurisdictions of coastal state and port state are neither joint jurisdiction nor equal jurisdiction, but the relationship between concurrent jurisdiction and coordinated jurisdiction. The third part introduces the legislation and practice of ship pollution jurisdiction between the United States and Canada. The United States and Canada are both large marine countries, and the relevant legal systems of the two countries have certain reference value for perfecting the legal system of ship pollution prevention and control in China. The United States is one of the coastal countries that carried out legislation on ship pollution earlier. In the development of world legislation, the legislation of ship-source pollution in the United States is the most complete and representative. Canada has always attached great importance to the development and management of the oceans. The rational use of the oceans, the full protection of the marine environment and the sustainable development of the oceans have become an important national strategic decision of Canada. Its national maritime legislation has a very long history. There are laws to follow in all aspects of ocean management. The fourth part introduces the current legal situation of China's ship pollution jurisdiction and some suggestions to improve it. Although China has basically formed a multi-level legal framework, including laws, administrative regulations and international conventions, in the control of pollution of the marine environment by ships, However, there are still many problems in the management system of preventing ship pollution enforcement in China, which to a certain extent restricts the Chinese government's work, so it is very necessary to learn from the experience of foreign countries on this issue. Reform the management system to maximize its benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5
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