《國際商事合同2004》中代理制度研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-28 08:13
【摘要】：代理制度是市場經(jīng)濟發(fā)展到一定階段的產(chǎn)物,它解決了人們在交易活動中因事事躬親的限制而造成的交易困難,極大的延伸了市場主體的活動能力,降低了交易成本。現(xiàn)在代理活動的范圍已不再局限于某一國或者某一領(lǐng)域而是擴展到整個國際社會的方方面面,代理制度已然在國內(nèi)外扮演重要的角色,其已成為人們交易活動的工具,成為人們從事社會交往必不可少的手段。隨著市場經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,代理制度必將在更大范圍、更廣領(lǐng)域、更高層級內(nèi)有所突破。 代理活動既然已經(jīng)突破一國地域限制,必然需要具有統(tǒng)一性質(zhì)的國際規(guī)則對此加以調(diào)整,《國際商事合同通則2004》(簡稱《通則2004》)中的代理制度正是國際統(tǒng)一私法協(xié)會為適應(yīng)國際經(jīng)濟活動的發(fā)展而對《國際商事合同通則1994》進行修訂后新增的內(nèi)容。1994年頒布的《國際商事合同通則》并沒有規(guī)定代理制度,但隨著代理活動在廣度和深度上的發(fā)展,規(guī)則的制定者們意識到這一問題已經(jīng)迫在眉睫,便集合各方組織、專家及學(xué)者對此一問題加以研究并制定出了符合國際商事交易要求的代理規(guī)則,具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。以一種示范法、統(tǒng)一規(guī)則及國際重述方式存在的《通則2004》,必將有利于其代理制度在國際社會的普及及發(fā)展。 本文研究的重點即為《通則2004》中新增的代理條款,通過對相關(guān)條文分門別類的整合、分析,通過研究不同學(xué)者對相關(guān)問題的不同見解,同時通過比較其與我國現(xiàn)存代理規(guī)定的異同,對同一問題從不同角度加以闡釋,從而為完善我國代理制度增磚添瓦。 本文一共分為三個部分： 第一部分介紹了《通則2004》中有關(guān)代理的基礎(chǔ)性問題,介紹了代理的內(nèi)部關(guān)系與外部關(guān)系,介紹了代理權(quán)的產(chǎn)生、確定、范圍及代理權(quán)的終止、代理行為的范圍,并介紹了一種代理分類的情形——公開被代理人身份的代理及未公開被代理人身份的代理。 第二部分介紹了《通則2004》中的無權(quán)代理問題,主要包括狹義無權(quán)代理中各方當事人的權(quán)責(zé)、狹義無權(quán)代理的法律效果。此外,介紹了表見代理,即表見代理的理論基礎(chǔ)和信賴基礎(chǔ)。 第三部分介紹了《通則2004》中的利益沖突和復(fù)代理問題。利益沖突問題主要涉及利益沖突的類型以及效力,復(fù)代理則主要涉及復(fù)代理的特點及復(fù)任權(quán)問題。
[Abstract]:Agency system is the product of the development of market economy to a certain stage, it solves the transaction difficulties caused by the restrictions of hands-on in the trading activities, greatly extends the activity ability of the main body of the market, and reduces the transaction cost. At present, the scope of agency activities is no longer limited to a certain country or field, but to all aspects of the entire international community, the agency system has played an important role at home and abroad, it has become a tool for people to trade. Become a necessary means for people to engage in social intercourse. With the development of market economy, the agency system will break through in a wider range, a wider field and a higher level. Since agency activities have broken through the territorial restrictions of a country, It is inevitable that international rules of a uniform nature should be adjusted. The agency system in the General principles of International Commercial contracts 2004 (abbreviated as "General principles 2004") is exactly what the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (Unidroit) has done to adapt to the development of international economic activities. General principles of Commercial contracts 1994 > contents added after revision. The General principles of International Commercial contracts promulgated in 1994 did not provide for the agency system. But with the breadth and depth of agency activity growing, the rule-setters realized that the problem was imminent and brought together the various organizations. Experts and scholars have studied this problem and worked out agency rules that meet the requirements of international commercial transactions, which has important theoretical and practical significance. The existence of "General Rule 2004" in a model law, uniform rules and international restatement will be conducive to the popularization and development of its agency system in the international community. The emphasis of this paper is the new agency clause in General Rule 2004. Through the integration and analysis of the relevant articles, the author studies the different opinions of different scholars on the related issues. At the same time, by comparing its similarities and differences with the existing agency regulations in China, the same problem is explained from different angles, so as to add bricks and tiles to the perfection of our country's agency system. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part introduces the basic issues of agency in "General principles 2004", introduces the internal and external relations of agency, introduces the emergence and determination of agency right. The scope and the termination of the power of agency, the scope of the agency act, and the situation of a kind of agent classification, that is, the agent who discloses the identity of the principal and the agent who does not disclose the identity of the principal, is introduced. The second part introduces the problem of unauthorized agency in General principles 2004, mainly including the rights and responsibilities of the parties in the narrow sense of unauthorized agency, and the legal effect of narrow sense of unauthorized agency. In addition, the paper introduces the theoretical basis and trust basis of apparent agency. The third part introduces the conflict of interest and the problem of complex agency in General principles 2004. Conflict of interest is mainly concerned with the type and effectiveness of conflict of interest, while compound agency is mainly concerned with the characteristics and the right of reinstatement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D997.1
本文編號：2149466
[Abstract]:Agency system is the product of the development of market economy to a certain stage, it solves the transaction difficulties caused by the restrictions of hands-on in the trading activities, greatly extends the activity ability of the main body of the market, and reduces the transaction cost. At present, the scope of agency activities is no longer limited to a certain country or field, but to all aspects of the entire international community, the agency system has played an important role at home and abroad, it has become a tool for people to trade. Become a necessary means for people to engage in social intercourse. With the development of market economy, the agency system will break through in a wider range, a wider field and a higher level. Since agency activities have broken through the territorial restrictions of a country, It is inevitable that international rules of a uniform nature should be adjusted. The agency system in the General principles of International Commercial contracts 2004 (abbreviated as "General principles 2004") is exactly what the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (Unidroit) has done to adapt to the development of international economic activities. General principles of Commercial contracts 1994 > contents added after revision. The General principles of International Commercial contracts promulgated in 1994 did not provide for the agency system. But with the breadth and depth of agency activity growing, the rule-setters realized that the problem was imminent and brought together the various organizations. Experts and scholars have studied this problem and worked out agency rules that meet the requirements of international commercial transactions, which has important theoretical and practical significance. The existence of "General Rule 2004" in a model law, uniform rules and international restatement will be conducive to the popularization and development of its agency system in the international community. The emphasis of this paper is the new agency clause in General Rule 2004. Through the integration and analysis of the relevant articles, the author studies the different opinions of different scholars on the related issues. At the same time, by comparing its similarities and differences with the existing agency regulations in China, the same problem is explained from different angles, so as to add bricks and tiles to the perfection of our country's agency system. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part introduces the basic issues of agency in "General principles 2004", introduces the internal and external relations of agency, introduces the emergence and determination of agency right. The scope and the termination of the power of agency, the scope of the agency act, and the situation of a kind of agent classification, that is, the agent who discloses the identity of the principal and the agent who does not disclose the identity of the principal, is introduced. The second part introduces the problem of unauthorized agency in General principles 2004, mainly including the rights and responsibilities of the parties in the narrow sense of unauthorized agency, and the legal effect of narrow sense of unauthorized agency. In addition, the paper introduces the theoretical basis and trust basis of apparent agency. The third part introduces the conflict of interest and the problem of complex agency in General principles 2004. Conflict of interest is mainly concerned with the type and effectiveness of conflict of interest, while compound agency is mainly concerned with the characteristics and the right of reinstatement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D997.1
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