本文選題：國際貨運(yùn)代理人 + 責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)��； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：國際貨運(yùn)代理人產(chǎn)生于公元10世紀(jì)左右,歷史悠久,為貿(mào)易和航運(yùn)建起了聯(lián)系的紐帶;但其高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、低回報(bào)的特點(diǎn),急需有效的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控方式,責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)正是合適的選擇。 遺憾的是,國際貨運(yùn)代理人責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)并未引起足夠的重視,在我國難以發(fā)揮應(yīng)有作用,相關(guān)理論研究也非常少。本文選擇對該保險(xiǎn)相關(guān)制度進(jìn)行研究,希望能體現(xiàn)出其重要意義,因此業(yè)內(nèi)對通過制度建設(shè)推行該保險(xiǎn)實(shí)施的思考。 本文第一章是對基本問題的闡釋,介紹了國際貨運(yùn)代理人的界定和國際貨運(yùn)代理人責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)的概念特征。傳統(tǒng)貨代主要作為貨主代理,但隨著作為契約承運(yùn)人的業(yè)務(wù)方式出現(xiàn),對國際貨運(yùn)代理人的界定出現(xiàn)了狹義和廣義的分化,還催生了新的概念——無船承運(yùn)人。美國采取狹義界定加無船承運(yùn)人的管理體制。我國對此缺乏法律界定,只有部門規(guī)章的體現(xiàn);界定模式先從傳統(tǒng)定義轉(zhuǎn)向廣義界定,后又向美國靠攏,但制度改革的不徹底形成了廣義界定加無船承運(yùn)人的獨(dú)特體制,在某種程度上加劇了概念的混淆。本文認(rèn)為無船承運(yùn)人的推出應(yīng)當(dāng)配套以狹義的界定模式,故本文所述國際貨運(yùn)代理人特指傳統(tǒng)貨代。國際貨運(yùn)代理人責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)以貨代為被保險(xiǎn)人,以其被依法判定應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任為保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的,具有標(biāo)的特殊性、金額有限性、第三人利益性和償付替代性的特點(diǎn)。 本文第二章基于責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)的基本功能,結(jié)合我國建設(shè)國際航運(yùn)中心的目標(biāo)和貨代行業(yè)秩序混亂的狀況,提出建設(shè)我國的貨代責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)制度是必要性;同時(shí)認(rèn)為,我國已經(jīng)初步具備了該保險(xiǎn)推出的基本法律環(huán)境和市場依據(jù),而國際市場上也已運(yùn)作成熟,可以借鑒。 本文第三章首先對我國國際貨代管理制度總體狀況進(jìn)行評價(jià):第一,對貨代問題的基本立法缺失造成貨代責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)制度基礎(chǔ)不穩(wěn);第二,管理體系的混亂造成貨代地位不清責(zé)任不明。其次,具體到貨代責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)制度,盡管商務(wù)部有所嘗試,但尚未有效建立。關(guān)于這次嘗試,本文認(rèn)為,其一方面受概念界定不清的影響,對貨代責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)分類不明,存在邏輯矛盾,同時(shí)與無船承運(yùn)人管理制度不協(xié)調(diào),造成市場主體無所適從;另一方面,將該保險(xiǎn)設(shè)置為強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)并不妥當(dāng)。 本文第四章在此分析的基礎(chǔ)上,提出對國際貨運(yùn)代理人責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)制度構(gòu)建的設(shè)想。首先,要明晰貨代的法律地位和責(zé)任。其次,在制度建設(shè)上,要統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)好貨代和無船承運(yùn)人的管理體系,避免沖突和混淆;在推行方式上,應(yīng)通過強(qiáng)制投保外的其他方法引導(dǎo)市場主體自主選擇;在保險(xiǎn)形式上,可以考慮保賠化,但短期內(nèi)難以實(shí)現(xiàn);在條款方面,主要針對新進(jìn)中國太平洋財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)股份有限公司推出的條款,提出幾點(diǎn)修改建議;在整體構(gòu)建方面,要建立成系統(tǒng)、相協(xié)調(diào)的立法體系,才能真正構(gòu)建起有意義有操作性的國際貨運(yùn)代理人責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)制度。 第五章是本文的結(jié)語,對本文的結(jié)論進(jìn)行簡要?dú)w納。
[Abstract]:The international freight forwarder, born around tenth Century, has a long history and has established a link between trade and shipping. However, its high risk, low return, and an urgent need for effective risk prevention and control are the right choice.
It is regrettable that the liability insurance of the international freight forwarder does not bring enough attention to it. It is difficult to play its role in our country, and the relevant theoretical research is very few. This article chooses to study the system of the insurance, hoping to reflect its significance, so the industry has to think about the implementation of the insurance through the construction of the system.
The first chapter is the explanation of the basic problems, the definition of the international freight forwarders and the concept of the liability insurance of the international freight forwarders. The traditional freight forwarders mainly act as the agent of the freight forwarders. However, with the emergence of the contract carrier, the definition of the international freight forwarders has been differentiated in a narrow and broad sense. The new concept - no ship carrier. The United States adopts a narrow definition and non ship carrier management system. China lacks the legal definition, only the embodiment of the department rules and regulations; the definition mode is first shifted from the traditional definition to the broad definition, and then to the United States, but the system reform is not completely defined and the independence of the shipper is defined in a broad sense. The special system, to some extent, aggravates the confusion of the concept. This article holds that the launch of the NVOCC should be matched with a narrow definition model, so the international freight forwarder referred to in this article refers to the traditional freight forwarder. The liability insurance of the international freight forwarder is the insured by the freight forwarder, with the liability as the insured subject to the law. There are special characteristics, limited amount, the interests of third party and the characteristics of repayment substitution.
In the second chapter, based on the basic function of liability insurance, combining with the objective of building the international shipping center and the disorder of the order of freight forwarding industry in China, it is necessary to establish the liability insurance system of China's freight forwarder. At the same time, it is believed that the basic legal environment and market basis of the insurance have been preliminarily developed in our country, and the international market is on the international market. It has also worked well and can be used for reference.
The third chapter of this article first evaluates the overall situation of the international freight forwarding management system in China. First, the lack of basic legislation on the issue of freight forwarders leads to the instability of the cargo generation liability insurance system; second, the confusion of the management system has caused the unclear responsibility of the freight forwarder. Secondly, it is specific to the liability insurance system of the freight forwarder, although the Ministry of Commerce has tried, But it has not been effectively established. As for this attempt, this article holds that, on one hand, it is not clearly defined by the definition of the concept, the classification of liability insurance of freight forwarder is unknown, there is a logical contradiction, and it is incompatible with the NVOCC management system, which causes the market subject to do nothing. On the other hand, it is not appropriate to set up the insurance as compulsory insurance.
On the basis of this analysis, the fourth chapter puts forward the assumption of the construction of the liability insurance system for the international freight forwarders. First, we should clarify the legal status and responsibility of the freight forwarders. Secondly, in the system construction, we should harmonize the management system of freight forwarders and non ship carriers to avoid the conflict and confusion; in the way of implementation, the compulsory insurance should be carried out. Other methods outside the market guide the market subject to choose independently; in the form of insurance, it can consider the insurance and indemnity, but it is difficult to realize in the short term; in terms of terms, it is mainly aimed at the provisions of the new China Pacific Property Insurance Co, and puts forward several suggestions for revision; in the aspect of building the whole body, it is necessary to establish a systematic and coordinated legislature. Only in this way can we establish a meaningful and operational liability insurance system for international freight forwarders.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion of this paper, and briefly summarizes the conclusions of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996;D912.28

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