本文選題：聯(lián)合國(guó)反腐敗公約 + 腐敗　； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：腐敗本質(zhì)上屬于權(quán)錢交易，在中國(guó)有著悠久的歷史，它寄生于人類社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治生活之中，禁之不絕。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的到來(lái)不僅帶來(lái)發(fā)展的契機(jī)，也為腐敗犯罪增添了跨國(guó)性、涉外性的新特征，與此相對(duì)應(yīng)的是腐敗資產(chǎn)跨國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移的出現(xiàn)。腐敗分子將巨額腐敗資產(chǎn)非法轉(zhuǎn)移至國(guó)外的行為對(duì)其本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，在一些國(guó)家甚至對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)造成全局性的不利影響。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，中國(guó)自上世紀(jì)90年代中期以來(lái)，外逃腐敗官員高達(dá)16000人至18000人，攜帶款項(xiàng)達(dá)8000億元人民幣。2003年10月31日，《聯(lián)合國(guó)反腐敗公約》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《公約》）的出臺(tái)為國(guó)際社會(huì)合作打擊腐敗犯罪提供了法律基礎(chǔ)及合作框架，同年12月10日，中國(guó)政府成為該《公約》的締約國(guó)。中國(guó)作為該公約的主要締約國(guó)之一，不僅應(yīng)當(dāng)有針對(duì)性地完善本國(guó)相關(guān)配套法律，順利與國(guó)際接軌，而且需要與各國(guó)達(dá)成一系列的雙邊和多邊合作條約，當(dāng)然，這又是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期過(guò)程。 本文中國(guó)腐敗資產(chǎn)跨國(guó)追回機(jī)制為研究對(duì)象，與《公約》確立的資產(chǎn)追回機(jī)制相對(duì)照，指出中國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律制度中尚存在亟待完善之處�；诖�，為追回跨國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移的腐敗資產(chǎn)，中國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快改革司法制度中與《公約》不相契合之處，完善腐敗犯罪的訴訟程序，早日實(shí)現(xiàn)與《公約》資產(chǎn)追回機(jī)制的全面對(duì)接。這不僅是完善中國(guó)法制建設(shè)的需要，同時(shí)也是反腐敗現(xiàn)實(shí)的迫切需要。本文分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分概述《公約》框架下中國(guó)腐敗資產(chǎn)跨國(guó)追回的含義以及中國(guó)腐敗資產(chǎn)跨國(guó)追回的迫切性，，為后文論述奠定基礎(chǔ)。第二部分首先總結(jié)資產(chǎn)追回機(jī)制在《公約》中的法律地位，隨后論述了腐敗資產(chǎn)跨國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移的預(yù)防與監(jiān)測(cè)、腐敗資產(chǎn)的直接追回措施、間接追回措施以及追回資產(chǎn)的處分與返還這四方面主要內(nèi)容。第三部分分析中國(guó)腐敗資產(chǎn)跨國(guó)追回面臨的障礙，在直接追回方面主要是國(guó)家主權(quán)豁免原則缺乏例外規(guī)定、證人保護(hù)制度尚不健全以及缺乏刑事附帶民事訴訟的缺席審判制度。在間接追回方面主要是刑事沒(méi)收以及沒(méi)收事宜的國(guó)際合作的相關(guān)立法尚需完善。第四部分對(duì)應(yīng)第二部分《公約》的制度框架，從四個(gè)方面，對(duì)中國(guó)腐敗資產(chǎn)跨國(guó)追回機(jī)制提出具體完善建議。綜上，中國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)以開(kāi)放態(tài)度對(duì)待腐敗資產(chǎn)跨國(guó)追回問(wèn)題，逐步建立完備的國(guó)內(nèi)法，為運(yùn)用《公約》追回外流的腐敗資產(chǎn)奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Corruption is essentially a trade in power and money, and has a long history in China. It is parasitic in the social, economic and political life of human beings. The arrival of economic globalization not only brings opportunities for development, but also adds new features of transnational and foreign-related nature to corruption crimes, corresponding to the emergence of transnational transfer of corrupt assets. The illegal transfer of a large amount of corrupt assets to foreign countries by corrupt elements has caused serious damage to their domestic economy, and has even caused overall adverse effects on the national economy in some countries. According to statistics, since the mid-1990s, there have been as many as 16000 to 18000 corrupt officials fleeing the country. On October 31, 2003, the United Nations Convention against Corruption (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) provided the legal basis and cooperation framework for the international community to cooperate in combating corruption crimes. The Chinese Government has become a party to the Convention. As one of the main signatories to the Convention, China should not only improve its relevant supporting laws in a targeted manner, but also conclude a series of bilateral and multilateral cooperation treaties with other countries. This is another long-term process. In this paper, the transnational recovery mechanism of corrupt assets in China is studied and compared with the asset recovery mechanism established in the Convention. It is pointed out that there are still some problems in China's current legal system that need to be improved. Therefore, in order to recover the transferred corrupt assets across the country, China should reform the judicial system as soon as possible where it is inconsistent with the Convention, perfect the procedure for corruption crimes, and realize the comprehensive docking with the asset recovery mechanism of the Convention as soon as possible. This is not only the need of perfecting China's legal system, but also the urgent need of anti-corruption reality. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part summarizes the meaning of transnational recovery of corrupt assets in China under the framework of the Convention and the urgency of transnational recovery of corrupt assets in China, which lays a foundation for the following discussion. The second part first summarizes the legal status of asset recovery mechanism in the Convention, and then discusses the prevention and monitoring of transnational transfer of corrupt assets, the direct recovery measures of corrupt assets. Indirect recovery measures and the disposal and return of recovered assets are the four main contents. The third part analyzes the obstacles to the transnational recovery of corrupt assets in China. The main reasons for direct recovery are the absence of exceptions to the principle of sovereign immunity of the state, the imperfect system of witness protection and the absence of a system of trial in absentia with civil proceedings incidental to criminal proceedings. Relevant legislation on indirect recovery, mainly criminal confiscation and international cooperation for confiscation purposes, needs to be improved. The fourth part, corresponding to the institutional framework of the second part of the Convention, puts forward concrete suggestions on the transnational recovery mechanism of China's corrupt assets from four aspects. To sum up, China should adopt an open attitude towards transnational recovery of corrupt assets and gradually establish complete domestic laws to lay the foundation for the recovery of the outflow of corrupt assets through the use of the Convention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D997.9

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