本文選題：發(fā)現(xiàn) + 先占��； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：南海，位于中國(guó)大陸的東南方向，東沙群島、西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島四大群島散布于其中，東沙群島、西沙群島、中沙群島三大群島目前基本處于中國(guó)方面（包括臺(tái)灣）的有效控制之下。我們所說(shuō)的的南海爭(zhēng)端，主要是指南沙群島爭(zhēng)端，作為西太平洋中最具戰(zhàn)略和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值的群島，南沙群島主要島礁被東南亞周邊國(guó)家如：越南、菲律賓、馬來(lái)西亞、印度尼西亞、文萊所占據(jù)。南海諸島自古以來(lái)就是中國(guó)領(lǐng)土，中國(guó)依據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)和先占兩大原則取得南海諸島的主權(quán)，據(jù)史料記載：最遲在漢代中國(guó)人民就發(fā)現(xiàn)了南海諸島，并且最早對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了開發(fā)和經(jīng)營(yíng)，中國(guó)政府對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了有效地管轄。近代以來(lái)危機(jī)從海上而來(lái)，盡管國(guó)運(yùn)衰敗，滿清政府和民國(guó)政府在積貧積弱的年代仍然同西方列強(qiáng)進(jìn)行了卓有成效的外交斗爭(zhēng)，有力的鞏固和維護(hù)了中國(guó)對(duì)南海的主權(quán)。1948年2月，中國(guó)政府首次公開出版發(fā)行了《中華民國(guó)行政區(qū)域圖》，在南海海域標(biāo)繪了上述四組群島的位置，并在其周圍繪有11條斷續(xù)的國(guó)界線畫法的線段，這是中國(guó)政府對(duì)南海諸島主權(quán)意識(shí)首次進(jìn)行的正式的圖示表達(dá)。對(duì)此，國(guó)際上包括周邊國(guó)家沒(méi)有明確表示反對(duì)。1949年中華人民共和國(guó)成立，此后出版的南海地圖均標(biāo)有11條斷續(xù)疆域線，1953年經(jīng)過(guò)周恩來(lái)總理的親自批準(zhǔn)，去掉了了北部灣內(nèi)的兩條斷續(xù)線，從此以后出版的中國(guó)地圖，均以九條斷續(xù)疆域線標(biāo)注中國(guó)南海的疆域，中國(guó)南海九條斷續(xù)疆域線簡(jiǎn)稱即為南海九段線。海洋法是確定各種海域法律地位，并調(diào)整國(guó)際法主體，主要是國(guó)家間在海洋領(lǐng)域內(nèi)從事各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)而形成的相互關(guān)系之原則、制度和規(guī)則的總體。海洋法具有普通法律的規(guī)范性質(zhì)，同時(shí)還是國(guó)際法的一個(gè)分支，因此海洋法不同于普通的國(guó)內(nèi)法，它具有國(guó)際性、綜合性、模糊性三個(gè)特點(diǎn)�，F(xiàn)代海洋法是指第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，逐步形成的海洋法，《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》的誕生是現(xiàn)代海洋法形成和完善的標(biāo)志。《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》公布和生效之后，南海爭(zhēng)端不但沒(méi)有緩解，反而更為劇烈和復(fù)雜，近些年來(lái)菲律賓、越南等國(guó)小動(dòng)作不斷，不斷刺激中國(guó)的容忍度，2009年3月10日，菲律賓總統(tǒng)阿羅約不顧中國(guó)的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，正式簽署了第9522號(hào)共和國(guó)法案“領(lǐng)�；�法”，將我國(guó)南沙群島的部分島嶼和黃巖島劃入菲律賓領(lǐng)海，進(jìn)而提交聯(lián)合國(guó)審議，2012年上半年菲律賓派軍艦在黃巖島附近海域與中國(guó)對(duì)峙數(shù)月，妄圖爭(zhēng)奪黃巖島的控制權(quán)，而越南也不甘示弱，2012年6月21日，越南通過(guò)《越南海洋法》，將中國(guó)的南沙群島和西沙群島都列入其“主權(quán)”和“管轄”范圍。南海九段線的權(quán)威和尊嚴(yán)受到了極大地沖擊和挑戰(zhàn)，主要受潛在豐富資源的誘惑，周邊各國(guó)對(duì)公約的濫用，公約自身的缺陷和不足這三個(gè)因素的影響。實(shí)事求是的講，南海九段線既是先人留給后人的寶貴遺產(chǎn)，也使后人面臨很多困惑，通過(guò)研究權(quán)威專家理論學(xué)說(shuō)和國(guó)家政策導(dǎo)向，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)南海九段線應(yīng)該具備雙重性質(zhì)，一方面，南海九段線是一條“中國(guó)海上疆域線”；另一方面，南海九段線是一條“地區(qū)和平發(fā)展線”。南海九段線代表了中國(guó)的主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，具有無(wú)與倫比的莊嚴(yán)性和神圣性，但是考慮到地區(qū)實(shí)際情況，我們?cè)敢獍凑锗囆∑酵咎岢龅膽?zhàn)略構(gòu)想“主權(quán)歸我，擱置爭(zhēng)議，共同開發(fā)”，相關(guān)國(guó)家之間暫時(shí)擱置主權(quán)爭(zhēng)議，通過(guò)政治協(xié)商和外交途徑促進(jìn)南海爭(zhēng)議海域的漁業(yè)、礦產(chǎn)等資源的共同開發(fā)，以促進(jìn)地區(qū)的和平與繁榮。南海周邊海域存在非常復(fù)雜的劃界問(wèn)題，但是在短期之內(nèi)不大可能解決，當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)研究的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)放在“南海諸島領(lǐng)�；�的確定”和“島嶼在劃界中的效力”兩個(gè)方面。在國(guó)際海洋劃界實(shí)踐中，相關(guān)國(guó)家之間已經(jīng)締結(jié)了大量的海洋劃界雙邊協(xié)定，它們解釋和適用海域劃界的國(guó)際公約，為形成和發(fā)展海域劃界的習(xí)慣國(guó)際法提供證據(jù)，，在國(guó)家實(shí)踐中，海灣地區(qū)和北海地區(qū)是締結(jié)海域劃界協(xié)議比較集中的區(qū)域，通過(guò)對(duì)這兩個(gè)地區(qū)的劃界案進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，可以對(duì)我們今后進(jìn)行南海劃界提供有益的借鑒和參考。三沙市的設(shè)立具有劃時(shí)代的意義，不僅在于宣示九段線內(nèi)的中國(guó)主權(quán)，而且有利于增強(qiáng)中國(guó)的有效控制，為將來(lái)解決南海爭(zhēng)端奠定更為有效的法律基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea, located in the southeast direction of the mainland of China, the Dongsha Islands, Paracel Islands, the central Sand Islands, and the Spratly Islands four islands are scattered among them. The Dongsha Islands, Paracel Islands and the central Sand Islands are currently under the effective control of China (including Taiwan). The dispute over the South China Sea, which we say, refers mainly to the dispute over the oceans. As the most strategic and economic value archipelago in the Western Pacific, the main reefs of Spratly Islands are occupied by the neighboring countries of Southeast Asia, such as Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei. The South China Sea Islands have been Chinese territory since ancient times. China has obtained the sovereignty of the South China Sea Islands according to the two principles of discovery and first, according to historical records. In the Han Dynasty, the Chinese people found the South China Sea Islands at the latest, and the earliest development and management of them were carried out. The Chinese government had effective jurisdiction over them. In modern times, the crisis came from the sea. Despite the decline of the national transport, the Manchu government and the government of the Republic of China were still fruitful with the Western powers in the years of poor accumulation and weakness. In February, China's sovereignty over the South China Sea was strongly consolidated and maintained by the Chinese government. The government of the Republic of China was first published and issued the administrative regional map of the Republic of China in February. In the South China Sea, the four groups of islands were painted in the sea area of the South China Sea, and there were 11 broken lines of national boundaries drawing around it. This is the Chinese government's sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands. For the first time, a formal presentation was made. In this regard, the international community, including the surrounding countries, did not clearly indicate the opposition to the establishment of People's Republic of China in.1949. Since then, the South China Sea map published in the South China Sea has been marked with 11 intermittent frontiers. In 1953, the two intermittent lines in the northern Bay were removed from the northern Bay, after the personal approval of prime minister Zhou Enlai. The map of China marks the territory of the South China Sea with nine intermittent frontiers. The nine interrupted territory lines of the South China Sea are referred to as the nine segments of the South China Sea. The law of the sea is to determine the legal status of various sea areas, and to adjust the subject of international law, mainly the principles, systems and regulations formed by various activities in the marine field. As a whole, the law of the sea has the normative nature of ordinary law and a branch of international law. Therefore, the law of the sea is different from that of ordinary domestic law. It has three characteristics: International, comprehensive and fuzzy. The modern law of the sea refers to the law of the ocean since the end of the Second World War and the birth of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea. After the announcement and the entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea, the South China Sea dispute has not only been relieved but also more intense and complicated. In recent years, Philippines, Vietnam and other countries have continued to stimulate China's tolerance. In March 10, 2009, President Arroyo of Philippines ignored China's strong opposition. On the other hand, the "territorial sea baseline law" of the Republic Act No. 9522nd was signed, and some of the islands and Huangyan islands of the Spratly Islands of China were drawn into the territorial waters of Philippines to be submitted to the United Nations for consideration. In the first half of 2012, Philippines sent warships to fight for the control of Huangyan island in a confrontation with China for months in the sea area near Huang Yandao, and Vietnam would not be willing to show it. Weak, in June 21, 2012, Vietnam adopted the Vietnam law of the sea, which included China's Spratly Islands and Paracel Islands in its "sovereignty" and "jurisdiction". The authority and dignity of the nine section of the South China Sea were greatly impacted and challenged, mainly by the temptation of potential rich resources, the abuse of the conventions by the countries of the Zhou Dynasty, the defects of the Convention itself and the failure of the Convention. In fact, the nine segment of the South China Sea is not only a valuable legacy left to the future, but also a lot of confusion for the posterity. Through the study of the theory of authoritative experts and the guidance of national policy, we can find that the nine segment of the South China Sea line should have dual nature. On the one hand, the nine section of the South China Sea is a "China Sea". On the other hand, the nine section of the South China Sea is a "regional peaceful development line". The nine section of the South China Sea represents China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and has unparalleled solemnity and sanctity. But considering the actual situation in the region, we are willing to "return to me and put aside disputes in accordance with the strategic concept proposed by Comrade Deng Xiaoping." With the development ", the relevant countries temporarily shelved sovereignty disputes and promoted the joint development of Fisheries and mineral resources in the South China Sea through political consultations and diplomatic channels to promote regional peace and prosperity. There was a very complicated problem of delimitation in the sea area around the South China Sea, but it was not likely to be solved in the short term. The emphasis should be placed on the two aspects of "the determination of the baseline of the territorial sea of the South China Sea Islands" and the "effectiveness of the islands in the delimitation". In the practice of international maritime delimitation, a large number of bilateral agreements have been concluded between the countries concerned, and they interpret and apply international conventions for delimitation of sea areas, and are the customary countries for the formation and development of maritime delimitation. The InterWorld law provides evidence. In the state practice, the Gulf region and the Beihai region are the areas where the maritime delimitation agreement is relatively concentrated. Through the comparison and analysis of the delimitation cases between the two regions, we can provide useful reference and reference for the demarcation of the South China Sea in the future. It shows that China's sovereignty in the nine section is conducive to enhancing China's effective control and laying a more effective legal foundation for the future settlement of the South China Sea dispute.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 李金明;;南海斷續(xù)線的法律地位:歷史性水域、疆域線、抑或島嶼歸屬線?[J];南洋問(wèn)題研究;2010年04期

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