本文選題：鹿特丹規(guī)則 + 控制方�。� 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：《鹿特丹規(guī)則》對控制權(quán)和控制方的創(chuàng)舉會(huì)極大完善各國海上運(yùn)輸法律對賣方利益的保護(hù),在簽發(fā)了不可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證或電子運(yùn)輸記錄以及未簽發(fā)任何運(yùn)輸單證或電子運(yùn)輸記錄的情況下,針對FOB貿(mào)易,控制權(quán)首先應(yīng)賦予單證托運(yùn)人,這會(huì)極大保護(hù)賣方的利益。針對我國海上貿(mào)易大部分已FOB為主的前提下,《鹿特丹規(guī)則》控制方的提出也會(huì)對我國出口貿(mào)易的保護(hù)提供保證。享有貨物控制權(quán)的人稱為控制方,控制方除享有貨物控制權(quán)外,還享有與承運(yùn)人協(xié)商變更合同的權(quán)利。在簽發(fā)不同的運(yùn)輸單證或電子運(yùn)輸記錄的情況下,控制方的識別方法以及轉(zhuǎn)讓控制權(quán)的規(guī)則有所不同。在符合法定的條件下,承運(yùn)人應(yīng)執(zhí)行控制方行使控制權(quán)所發(fā)出的指示,但因此而產(chǎn)生的合理的費(fèi)用和損失,應(yīng)由控制方承擔(dān)；承運(yùn)人有權(quán)要求控制方為此提供相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保。承運(yùn)人不合理地拒絕執(zhí)行控制方的知識的,亦需承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。控制方有義務(wù)向承運(yùn)人或履約方提供有關(guān)信息、指示或文件；如控制方無法提供此種信息等,則應(yīng)由托運(yùn)人或者單證托運(yùn)人提供此種信息、指示或文件。 控制方對承運(yùn)人的賠償基礎(chǔ)是承運(yùn)人謹(jǐn)慎執(zhí)行了控制方的指示,這就意味著并非所有因承運(yùn)人執(zhí)行控制方指示而產(chǎn)生的所有額外費(fèi)用和損失控制方都有賠償責(zé)任,僅僅當(dāng)承運(yùn)人履行勤勉義務(wù)下,控制方對承運(yùn)人因執(zhí)行指示所產(chǎn)生的額外費(fèi)用及損失才予以賠償。本文分為引言、正文、結(jié)語三大部分,正文部分共分為三章。 第一章,控制方賠償?shù)幕A(chǔ)。本章將詳細(xì)敘述控制方的控制權(quán)和基于控制權(quán)所擁有的指示權(quán),指出控制方因?yàn)橹甘緳?quán)使用不當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。 第二章,控制方賠償責(zé)任的責(zé)任性質(zhì)。本章將分析控制方賠償責(zé)任的具體性質(zhì),包括范圍、限制、歸責(zé)原則和期間等。 第三章,基于承運(yùn)人執(zhí)行指示,控制方的賠償責(zé)任。本章將分三部分討論,基于承運(yùn)人承擔(dān)的合理的額外費(fèi)用控制方的賠償責(zé)任；基于承運(yùn)人遭受的滅失或者損壞,控制方的賠償責(zé)任；控制方不負(fù)補(bǔ)償?shù)那樾巍?最后得出結(jié)論,在承運(yùn)人履行勤勉義務(wù)下,控制方針對承運(yùn)人履行指示而造成的損失分情況負(fù)補(bǔ)償責(zé)任或賠償責(zé)任,而對于《鹿特丹規(guī)則》沒有規(guī)定的延遲損失,承運(yùn)人可以通過國內(nèi)法來解決。
[Abstract]:The Rotterdam rules' creation of the right of control and the controlling party will greatly improve the protection of the seller's interests by national maritime transport laws, Where a non-negotiable transport document or electronic transport record has been issued and no transport document or electronic transport record has been issued, control over FOB trade should first be vested in the documentary shipper, which would greatly protect the seller's interests. In view of the fact that most of China's maritime trade has been mainly FOB, the proposal of the controlling party of the Rotterdam rules will also guarantee the protection of China's export trade. The person who enjoys the right of control of the goods is called the controlling party. In addition to the right of control of the goods, the controlling party also has the right to negotiate with the carrier to change the contract. Where different transport documents or electronic transport records are issued, the identification of the controlling party and the rules governing the transfer of control differ. Subject to statutory conditions, the carrier shall execute the instructions given by the controlling party in the exercise of the right of control, but the reasonable costs and losses arising therefrom shall be borne by the controlling party; the carrier shall have the right to require the controlling party to provide corresponding security for this purpose. If the carrier unreasonably refuses to execute the knowledge of the controlling party, it shall also be liable for compensation. The controlling party is obliged to provide the carrier or performing party with the relevant information, instructions or documents or, if the controlling party is unable to provide such information, the shipper or documentary shipper shall provide such information, instructions or documents. Compensation by the controlling party to the carrier is based on the careful implementation by the carrier of the instructions of the controlling party, which means that not all additional costs and losses incurred by the carrier as a result of the execution of the instructions of the controlling party are liable, Only if the carrier performs the duty of diligence, the controlling party shall compensate the carrier for the additional costs and losses incurred by the carrier as a result of the execution of the instructions. This article is divided into introduction, text, conclusion three parts, the text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, the basis of compensation by the controlling party. This chapter will describe the controlling party's right of control and the instructive power based on the right of control in detail, and point out that the controlling party is liable for improper use of the power of command. The second chapter, the nature of liability of the controlling party. This chapter will analyze the specific nature of the controlling party's liability, including scope, limitation, imputation principle and duration. The third chapter, based on the carrier's execution instructions, the liability of the controlling party. This chapter will be divided into three parts: liability of the controlling party based on the carrier's reasonable additional costs; liability of the controlling party based on the loss or damage suffered by the carrier; and failure of the controlling party to compensate. Finally, it is concluded that, under the carrier's duty of diligence, the controlling party is liable for compensation or liability for the loss caused by the carrier's performance of the instructions, but for the delayed loss not provided for in the Rotterdam rules, The carrier can be settled by domestic law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.19

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