發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-08 07:26

  本文選題：安全港制度 + 網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)保護(hù)��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn),網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商作為用戶與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的媒介參與到網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會(huì)中來。在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及的初期,網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商通過有償為用戶提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接或網(wǎng)站平臺(tái)獲取利益。鑒于網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息傳播的隱蔽性,一些網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商提供的服務(wù)上傳或傳播未經(jīng)授權(quán)的作品,侵犯了他人的著作權(quán)。針對(duì)這一侵權(quán)行為,網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商被質(zhì)疑應(yīng)承擔(dān)間接侵權(quán)責(zé)任,因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)槠溆脩舻那謾?quán)行為提供了幫助。但在這一歷史階段,網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商僅僅為用戶提供了"通道"并沒有參與直接侵權(quán),同時(shí)也沒有侵權(quán)的故意。鑒于此,美國的《數(shù)字千年版權(quán)法案》與歐盟的《電子商務(wù)指令》為網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商設(shè)置了"安全港"規(guī)則,有條件地豁免網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商對(duì)因其用戶侵犯著作權(quán)而產(chǎn)生的侵權(quán)責(zé)任。這兩個(gè)主導(dǎo)的安全港模式對(duì)其他各國安全港規(guī)則的制定和實(shí)施產(chǎn)生了重要影響。安全港規(guī)則在世界各國的實(shí)施過程中,存在一些共同的問題。例如,對(duì)于安全港模式中"通知-刪除"制度,這一制度中網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商何種程度的"知道"構(gòu)成制度規(guī)定的其對(duì)用戶著作權(quán)侵權(quán)行為的"知道";何種程度的行為構(gòu)成"通知"等標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在實(shí)踐中難以達(dá)成協(xié)調(diào)。與此同時(shí),鑒于各國法律體系與法律文化的不同,安全港規(guī)則在與各國差異融合的過程中還出現(xiàn)了不同的問題。例如,安全港制度作為一個(gè)最早在普通法系中建立的規(guī)則,在成文法系國家的實(shí)踐過程中存在與當(dāng)?shù)鼗痉梢?guī)則沖突的現(xiàn)象;在不同法律文化的國家實(shí)施安全港規(guī)則時(shí),還出現(xiàn)一國明令禁止的行為在另一國收效卓越等難以調(diào)和的現(xiàn)象。由此可見安全港規(guī)則并不是在各國都能一體適用的。與此同時(shí),隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和信息傳播模式的轉(zhuǎn)變,網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會(huì)迎來的Web 2.0時(shí)代。在這一時(shí)代,網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商的盈利模式發(fā)生了變化,它們不再僅僅是聯(lián)通用戶與網(wǎng)絡(luò)的"通道",而是成為了網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會(huì)的利益相關(guān)體。網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商為了獲得廣告收益將熱衷于提供能夠吸引用戶的信息,而這些信息中當(dāng)然包括大量享有著作權(quán)的作品。在新的時(shí)代背景下,傳統(tǒng)的安全港規(guī)則為網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商設(shè)立的免責(zé)門檻顯得過低,不利于推動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)的保護(hù)。加之安全港規(guī)則在各國的法律實(shí)踐中面臨著越來越多的問題與不可調(diào)和,筆者認(rèn)為當(dāng)下的安全港規(guī)則已經(jīng)不能適應(yīng)當(dāng)下網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)保護(hù)的需求,需要更新與補(bǔ)充。鑒于"通知-刪除"制度在實(shí)施過程中遭遇的諸多問題,筆者建議可以嘗試在安全港規(guī)則中選擇使用其他"共同管理"的法律措施,如"通知-通知","梯級(jí)響應(yīng)","攔截過濾"。同時(shí),鑒于長久以來,安全港規(guī)則實(shí)踐的法律措施并未在打擊盜版上獲得令人滿意的成效,筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)安全港規(guī)則輔助以適當(dāng)?shù)姆欠纱胧?如利益共享模式、知識(shí)共享模式等,從而激勵(lì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商、用戶、以及著作權(quán)人相互配合。同時(shí),在改進(jìn)安全港規(guī)則時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)充分考慮一國的法律文化,審慎的選擇適用于本國并遵循本國法律文化的具體安全港規(guī)則。筆者相信通過以上的改進(jìn),將使安全港規(guī)則更好的平衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會(huì)中各方的利益,共同推動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)的保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of the Internet, network service providers participate in the network society as the medium of users and the Internet. In the early stage of the Internet popularization, network service providers provide users with network connections or web platforms to gain benefits. In view of the concealment of network information dissemination, some network users use service providers from network services. The network service provider is questioned for the infringement of the copyright of the unauthorized works. In response to this infringement, the network service provider is questioned for the indirect tort liability because they provide help for the infringement of its users. But in this historical period, the network service provider only provided the "channel" for the user and did not participate in direct infringement. At the same time, there is no intention of infringement. In view of this, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of the United States and the EU's e-business directive set up the "safe harbor" rules for network service providers, and exempts the network service providers from the infringement of copyright caused by their users. These two leading safety ports are for other safe ports. The formulation and implementation of rules have an important impact. There are some common problems in the implementation of the safety port rules in the world. For example, the "notice deleting" system in the safe harbor model, what degree of the "know" constitution system of the network service provider in this system "know" about the infringement of the user's copyright; It is difficult to achieve coordination in practice. At the same time, in view of the differences in legal and legal cultures between countries, the safety port rules have different problems in the process of integration with other countries. For example, the safety port system is the first rule set up in the common law system. In the practice of the legal system, there is a phenomenon of conflict with the local basic law rules; in the implementation of the safety port rules in the countries of different legal cultures, there is also a phenomenon which is difficult to reconcile in the efficiency of another country. With the development of network technology and the transformation of information communication mode, the network society has entered the era of Web 2. In this era, the profit model of network service providers has changed. They are no longer only the "channel" of the users and the network, but become the interest related body of the network society. In the new era, the threshold of disclaimer set by the traditional safety port rules is too low to promote the protection of network copyright. The safety port rules are faced with the legal practice of various countries. With more and more problems and irreconcilable, the author believes that the current safety port rules can not meet the needs of the current network copyright protection, and need to be updated and supplemented. In view of the many problems encountered in the implementation process of the "notice deleting" system, the author suggests that other "common management" should be tried in the safety port rules. Legal measures such as "notice notification", "cascade response", "intercepting filtering". Meanwhile, in view of the fact that the legal measures for the practice of the safety port rules have not achieved satisfactory results in the fight against piracy for a long time, I think that the safety port rules should be assisted with appropriate non legal measures, such as the model of benefit sharing, the pattern of knowledge sharing, etc. Encourage network service providers, users, and copyright owners to cooperate with each other. At the same time, the legal culture of a country should be taken into full consideration when improving the safety port rules, and the careful selection of specific safety port rules that apply to the country and follow its own legal culture will make the safety port rules better balance the network society. The interests of all parties to jointly promote the protection of copyright on the Internet.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D997.1
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本文編號(hào)：1995106