本文選題：航空法 + 第五航空權(quán)��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)前后，國(guó)際民用航空無(wú)論是從技術(shù)的發(fā)展、商業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)還是管理國(guó)際合作都取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。1944年在芝加哥締結(jié)的《國(guó)際民用航空公約》代替了《巴黎航空公約》，針對(duì)國(guó)際民航活動(dòng)制定了一系列的原則和規(guī)定。會(huì)議期間締結(jié)的《國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)定》和《國(guó)際航空過境協(xié)定》，與《民用航空公約》共同構(gòu)成了《芝加哥公約》的主要內(nèi)容�！秶�(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)定》的締約國(guó)相互之間交換五種營(yíng)運(yùn)權(quán)，又稱為空中的“五種自由”。該協(xié)議的前兩種營(yíng)運(yùn)權(quán)與《國(guó)際航班過境協(xié)定》相同，后三種營(yíng)運(yùn)權(quán)在締約國(guó)之間才直接發(fā)生商業(yè)性運(yùn)輸?shù)臉I(yè)務(wù)。第五航空權(quán)一般針對(duì)兩個(gè)國(guó)家的雙邊協(xié)定而言，在兩國(guó)的協(xié)定中約定允許對(duì)方行使涉及第三國(guó)的運(yùn)輸權(quán)利。第五航空權(quán)的復(fù)雜性就在于它涉及到多個(gè)雙邊協(xié)定，并且在不同的協(xié)定中意味著不同種類的航空權(quán)。第五航空權(quán)的開放意味著國(guó)外航空公司不僅要分享飛往國(guó)之間的市場(chǎng)，同時(shí)還要分享到航線上第三國(guó)的市場(chǎng)資源。 本文在查閱大量相關(guān)書籍和論文資料的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用國(guó)際法專業(yè)理論知識(shí)，并結(jié)合法學(xué)理論的相關(guān)知識(shí)，采用歷史研究方法、對(duì)比研究方法、實(shí)證分析方法等對(duì)論題進(jìn)行了研究。第五航空權(quán)產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展及開放的脈絡(luò)，主要國(guó)家開放第五航空權(quán)的態(tài)度、總體思路和相關(guān)的法律制度、各國(guó)對(duì)待第五航空權(quán)開放不同態(tài)度之間的原因和表現(xiàn)形式、因?qū)嵭胁煌暮娇展苤企w系而產(chǎn)生的不同效果，，以及中國(guó)開放第五航空權(quán)的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行深入研究。希望通過對(duì)現(xiàn)有相關(guān)法律制度的分析，根據(jù)第五航空權(quán)的特點(diǎn)，為中國(guó)開放第五航空權(quán)的問題解決找到最可行最有效的途徑。同時(shí)也關(guān)注到我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略走向，在第五航空權(quán)的開放問題上提出自己的見解。 本文除引言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外，共分為六個(gè)部分，約三萬(wàn)字。 第一部分“第五航空權(quán)的法律性質(zhì)”，介紹了航空權(quán)產(chǎn)生的歷史條件和發(fā)展背景，闡述第五航空權(quán)的概念和內(nèi)涵，探討第五航空權(quán)在法律特點(diǎn)以及其自身有別于其他航空權(quán)利的特點(diǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，介紹了關(guān)于第五航空權(quán)的性質(zhì)之爭(zhēng)，分析各方流派的觀點(diǎn)，并提出自己的看法。 第二部分“第五航空權(quán)開放的演進(jìn)”，闡釋第五航空權(quán)開放在世界上的演進(jìn)過程，比較研究世界上幾個(gè)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體對(duì)第五航空權(quán)開放的態(tài)度及相關(guān)的做法，以及第五航空權(quán)開放的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 第三部分“第五航空權(quán)開放的理論依據(jù)”，根據(jù)國(guó)際法理論和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論，分析第五航空權(quán)開放的利與弊，以及在開放中所可能遇到的問題，提出第五航空權(quán)開放的理論依據(jù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)依據(jù)。 第四部分“第五航空權(quán)開放度的法律依據(jù)”，根據(jù)對(duì)《芝加哥協(xié)議》、GATS航空服務(wù)貿(mào)易協(xié)議、國(guó)內(nèi)民用航空法的研究，分析第五航空權(quán)開放度的相關(guān)問題。 第五部分“第五航空權(quán)開放的模式”，介紹了現(xiàn)階段世界各國(guó)第五航空權(quán)開放的主要方式。再結(jié)合中國(guó)的國(guó)情，論述我國(guó)第五航空權(quán)開放可能的主要方式。 第六部分“中國(guó)開放第五航空權(quán)的國(guó)家利益”：有利于國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)；有利于增加經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴、獲得更多的航空資源；對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)民用航空產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展具有促進(jìn)作用。 經(jīng)過上述幾個(gè)方面的分析，中國(guó)對(duì)外開放第五航空權(quán)的逐步開放是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的國(guó)際形勢(shì)。經(jīng)過多方比較和分析，得出開放對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展利大于弊的結(jié)論�，F(xiàn)今航空權(quán)開放的主要依據(jù)是國(guó)家的指導(dǎo)方針、經(jīng)濟(jì)政策等，真正用以規(guī)范開放天空的法律法規(guī)幾乎沒有，僅存的航空法也是側(cè)重于規(guī)范開放之后國(guó)內(nèi)航空服務(wù)的內(nèi)容。隨著我國(guó)改革開放政策實(shí)施的不斷深入，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，中國(guó)民航也在國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的邁進(jìn)中迅速發(fā)展，開放的力度也不斷加大。特別是在國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸發(fā)展方面，航空權(quán)開放的政策走向日益明確，我國(guó)國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸發(fā)展受到了重大的影響。中國(guó)的第五航空權(quán)開放可以在雙邊體制模式的基礎(chǔ)上，積極推進(jìn)依仗區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而形成的多變模式。從經(jīng)濟(jì)合作伙伴的結(jié)構(gòu)上保障第五航空權(quán)的開放順利進(jìn)行。
[Abstract]:Before and after World War II, international civil aviation has made great progress in the development of technology, business operation or management international cooperation. The International Civil Aviation Convention, which was concluded in Chicago in Chicago, took the place of the Paris Convention on aviation, and set up a series of principles and regulations for International Civil Aviation activities. The air transport agreement and the international air transit agreement, together with the Civil Aviation Convention, constitute the main contents of the Chicago convention. The States parties to the international air transport agreement exchange five operating rights between each other, also known as "five freedoms" in the air. The first two kinds of operational rights of the agreement are the same as those of the international flight transit agreement, and three The right to operate directly between a Contracting State. Fifth the right to aviation is generally agreed in the bilateral agreements of two countries to allow the other to exercise the right to transport a third country. The complexity of fifth is that it involves multiple bilateral agreements and in different agreements. It means different types of aviation rights. The opening of the fifth air rights means that foreign airlines not only share the market between the flying countries, but also share the market resources of the third country on the route.
On the basis of consulting a large number of relevant books and papers, using the theoretical knowledge of international law, combining with the relevant knowledge of law theory, using historical research methods, comparative research methods, and empirical analysis methods, the thesis has been studied. Fifth the emergence, development and opening of aviation rights, and the opening of fifth airlines in the main countries. The attitude of the right, the general idea and the relevant legal system, the reasons and forms of the different attitudes between the fifth air rights open to different countries, the different effects resulting from the implementation of the different air control systems, and the related issues of China's opening to the fifth air rights. Analysis, according to the characteristics of the fifth aviation rights, to find the most feasible and most effective way to solve the problem of opening fifth air rights in China. At the same time, it also pays close attention to the trend of China's economic strategy and puts forward his own opinion on the opening of the fifth aviation rights.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into six parts, about thirty thousand words.
The first part, "the legal nature of the fifth aviation rights", introduces the historical conditions and development background of the air rights, expounds the concept and connotation of the fifth aviation rights, and probes into the characteristics of the fifth aviation rights in the legal characteristics and its own different from other aviation rights. On this basis, it introduces the disputes about the nature of the fifth aviation rights. Analyze the views of the various genres and put forward their own views.
The second part, "the evolution of the opening of the fifth aviation rights", explains the evolution of the fifth air rights open in the world, and compares the attitudes and practices of several major economies in the world to the opening of the fifth air rights, as well as the development trend of the opening of the fifth air rights.
The third part, "the theoretical basis for the opening of the fifth air rights", analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the opening of the fifth aviation rights according to the theory of international law and the theory of economics, and puts forward the theoretical basis and economic basis for the opening of the fifth air rights.
The fourth part "the legal basis for the opening of the fifth air rights", according to the Chicago agreement, the GATS aviation service trade agreement, the domestic civil aviation law research, analysis of the fifth aviation rights open degree related issues.
The fifth part, "the fifth mode of open air rights", introduces the main ways of opening fifth air rights in the world at the present stage. The main ways of opening up the fifth air rights in China are discussed in the light of China's national conditions.
The sixth part, "China's opening up the national interests of the fifth aviation rights", is conducive to the realization of the international economic strategic objectives, and is conducive to increasing economic partners and gaining more aviation resources, and has a promoting role in the development of domestic civil aviation industry.
Through the analysis of the above aspects, the opening of China's opening to the fifth air rights is an irreversible international situation. Through the comparison and analysis, the conclusion is drawn that the opening to the economic development of China is greater than the disadvantages. The main basis of the opening of the current air rights is the national guidelines, economic policies and so on. There are few laws and regulations of the sky, and the only aviation law is the content of domestic aviation service after the standard opening. With the continuous deepening of the implementation of China's reform and opening policy, China's economy has developed rapidly, China's civil aviation has also developed rapidly in the national economy, and the strength of opening up is increasing. In the development of air transportation, the policy of open air rights is becoming more and more clear, and the development of China's international air transport has been greatly affected. China's fifth air rights open can actively promote the variable mode form on the basis of the bilateral system model. The structure of the economic partners can guarantee the fifth airlines. The opening of the empty rights was carried out smoothly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D993.4

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