本文選題：國際海底區(qū)域 + 生物多樣性��； 參考：《上海交通大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來，隨著人類深�？碧剿降奶岣�，國際海底區(qū)域生物多樣性作為一類新型的海洋資源逐漸被人們所認識。國際海底區(qū)域生物多樣性的特質(zhì)極大的豐富了生物基因庫，其在人類醫(yī)療、工業(yè)、環(huán)保等領(lǐng)域都具有極大的應(yīng)用價值。因此，引起了國際社會的廣泛關(guān)注，也產(chǎn)生了極大的爭議。發(fā)達國家認為，國際海底區(qū)域生物多樣性的開發(fā)和利用應(yīng)當依據(jù)“公海自由原則”，允許各國自由開發(fā)；而發(fā)展中國家則堅持國際海底區(qū)域深海底生物多樣性是繼國際海底區(qū)域之后的又一人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)，應(yīng)當為全人類共同所有。 目前與國際海底區(qū)域生物多樣性有關(guān)的國際公約，無論是《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》還是《生物多樣性公約》均未對處于國際海底區(qū)域生物多樣性問題做出明確規(guī)定，因此，現(xiàn)有國際法律框架尚不能對其進行有效規(guī)制，亦未有國際組織進行合理監(jiān)管。國際海底區(qū)域生物多樣性的法律屬性是研究其法律規(guī)制最基本的問題，，是開發(fā)、利用和保護這種資源的基礎(chǔ)。 本文認為，國際海底區(qū)域生物多樣性具有與國際海底區(qū)域及其資源相似的屬性，其性質(zhì)也應(yīng)當為“人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)”，具備為全人類共同所有、為全人類的共同利益、專為和平目的而利用和公平分享利益的特征。 本文除引言外，本文分為五章： 第一章首先界定了“區(qū)域”生物多樣性的有關(guān)概念，并介紹了“區(qū)域”的生物多樣性的現(xiàn)有概況。 第二章根據(jù)現(xiàn)有國家管轄海域外生物多樣性管理問題政策和法律框架，指出現(xiàn)有國際海底區(qū)域生物多樣性法律規(guī)制問題 第三章首先介紹了“區(qū)域”生物多樣性法律屬性不明和國際上對于“區(qū)域”生物多樣性法律屬性的爭議；接著以“全球公域”的概念對“區(qū)域”所處地位可能的幾種法律屬性進行概述，并著重探討了“公約”中體現(xiàn)的“人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)”。 第四章通過對“區(qū)域”生物多樣性與“區(qū)域”本身密不可分；“區(qū)域”生物多樣性適用“人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)”的法律屬性，并符合“公約”的立法原則；和對于“人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)”的原則是國際關(guān)系博弈的結(jié)果，符合作為發(fā)展中國家的我國的利益，這三個方面的討論，得出“區(qū)域”生物多樣性的法律屬性應(yīng)選擇“人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)”原則。同時，對“國際海底管理局”在“人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)”原則之下可以作為“區(qū)域”生物多樣性的管理機構(gòu)進行了簡單的探討。 第五章給出本文對于“區(qū)域”生物多樣性法律屬性選擇的結(jié)論，即“人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)”原則。并提出在堅持此原則下未來對于“區(qū)域”生物多樣性開發(fā)應(yīng)堅持的要求和擴大海底管理局的職責(zé)范圍。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of the level of deep sea exploration, the biodiversity of international seabed area as a new type of marine resources has been gradually recognized. The characteristics of biodiversity in the international seabed area have greatly enriched the biological gene pool, which has great application value in human medical, industrial, environmental protection and other fields. Therefore, has caused the international community widespread concern, also produced the great dispute. Developed countries are of the view that the development and use of biodiversity in the international seabed area should be based on the principles of Freedom of the High Seas and allow States to exploit freely; The developing countries insist that the biodiversity of the deep seabed in the international seabed area is another common heritage of mankind after the international seabed area and should be owned by all mankind. The current international conventions relating to the biodiversity of the international seabed area, neither the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea nor the Convention on Biological Diversity, provide for the issue of biodiversity in the international seabed area, and therefore, The existing international legal framework can not regulate it effectively, and there is no reasonable supervision by international organizations. The legal attribute of biodiversity in the international seabed area is the most basic problem in the study of its legal regulation and is the basis for the exploitation, utilization and protection of this kind of resources. This paper holds that the biodiversity of the international seabed area has the property similar to that of the international seabed area and its resources, and its nature should also be "the common heritage of mankind", with the common ownership and common interest of all mankind. The use and equitable sharing of benefits exclusively for peaceful purposes. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into five chapters: The first chapter defines the concept of biodiversity in the area and presents the existing overview of biodiversity in the area. Chapter II, based on the existing policy and legal framework of biodiversity management in areas beyond national jurisdiction, points out the existing legal regulation of biodiversity in international seabed areas. The third chapter firstly introduces the unclear legal attribute of biodiversity in the area and the international controversy about the legal attribute of biodiversity in the area. Then the possible legal attributes of the status of the area are summarized with the concept of "global Commons", and the "common heritage of mankind" embodied in the Convention is emphatically discussed. Chapter IV, through the application of the legal attributes of "common heritage of mankind" to the biodiversity of the area and in conformity with the legislative principles of the Convention, is inextricably linked to the area itself; And the principle of "common heritage of mankind" is the result of a game of international relations, which is in the interest of our country as a developing country. It is concluded that the principle of "common heritage of mankind" should be chosen as the legal attribute of biodiversity in the area. At the same time, the International seabed Authority can be used as the regulatory body of the biodiversity of the area under the principle of "common heritage of mankind". The fifth chapter gives the conclusion of this paper on the selection of the legal attributes of biodiversity in the area, that is, the principle of "common heritage of mankind". The future requirements for the exploitation of biodiversity in the area and the expansion of the terms of reference of the Authority under this principle are also proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D993.5

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 金建才;深海底生物多樣性與基因資源管理問題[J];地球科學(xué)進展;2005年01期

2 王傳輝;論人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)原則[J];江蘇社會科學(xué);1996年06期

3 金永明;人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)法律性質(zhì)研究[J];社會科學(xué);2005年03期

4 李燕妙;試析人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)的概念與基本內(nèi)涵[J];中山大學(xué)學(xué)報論叢;2004年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 江家棟;國際海底區(qū)域遺傳資源管理法律問題研究[D];廈門大學(xué);2007年

本文編號：1917961