本文選題：歐盟 + 溫室氣體減排政策��； 參考：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為氣候變化國際談判的積極發(fā)起者，歐盟一直是全球溫室氣體減排最主要的推動(dòng)力量，其采取了一系列的實(shí)際減排行動(dòng)，大力推進(jìn)京都協(xié)議的實(shí)施。歐盟自成立之初便非常關(guān)注氣候變化的問題并積極地采取應(yīng)對措施，圍繞溫室氣體減排歐盟制定了一系列的政策，，如溫室氣體排放交易機(jī)制、氣候行動(dòng)和可再生能源一欖子計(jì)劃等。其背景主要包括三個(gè)方面：一、全球正面臨氣候變暖的威脅。在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)方面，可能導(dǎo)致物種的變異甚至滅絕。氣候變暖還將對人類社會的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全等領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生重大影響。二、全球變暖的原因是人類活動(dòng)向大氣中排放了大量的溫室氣體。三、氣候變化對歐洲大陸的影響非常嚴(yán)重。歐洲大陸上的國家眾多而且各國的國土面積比較狹小，對于氣候變暖造成的各種自然災(zāi)害或者不利影響的回旋余地小。歐洲在地理位置上的特點(diǎn)和相對脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境使歐洲人對氣候變化的影響比較敏感，他們不愿面對氣候變化可能帶來的種種破壞生存環(huán)境的威脅。鑒于以上三方面的原因，歐盟一直非常關(guān)注氣候問題，適時(shí)地采取應(yīng)對措施，制定減排政策并不斷地修訂與完善。其政策的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了形成、發(fā)展和進(jìn)一步完善三個(gè)階段。20世紀(jì)80年代中后期到1994年可以說是歐盟氣候政策的形成階段。歐盟的氣候政策在1994到2004年得到了一定程度的發(fā)展。隨著《京都議定書》的簽署與生效，歐盟的氣候政策從2005年開始進(jìn)入了進(jìn)一步完善的時(shí)期。圍繞溫室氣體減排，歐盟從能源、稅收、市場交易和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等方面制定了一系列的政策，有成功的也有被迫放棄的，但總體是不斷向前發(fā)展的。這些政策取得了一定的成效，歐盟的溫室氣體排放量不斷降低，到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)減排20%的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該不成問題。
[Abstract]:As the active initiator of the international negotiations on climate change, the EU has been the main driving force for global greenhouse gas emission reduction. It has taken a series of actual emission reduction actions to vigorously promote the implementation of Kyoto agreement. The European Union has set up a series of policies, such as the greenhouse gas emissions trading mechanism, the climate action and the renewable energy source, including three aspects: first, the global climate is facing the threat of climate warming. In the ecosystem, it may lead to species variation or even extinction. Climate warming will also deal with human society. Two, the cause of global warming is that the global warming is caused by a large amount of greenhouse gases emitted from human activities to the atmosphere. Three, the impact of climate change on the European continent is very serious. There are many countries on the continent and the land area of the countries is narrower and narrower, and the natural disasters caused by the climate warming or the various natural disasters, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming, or the various natural disasters caused by the climate warming or The geographical location of Europe and the relatively fragile ecological environment are more sensitive to the impact of the Europeans on climate change. They are reluctant to face the threat of the possible destruction of the environment that may be brought by climate change. In view of the above three reasons, the European Union has been very concerned about the climate problems. The policy development has experienced the formation, development and further improvement of the three stages of the.20 century in the mid and late 80s to 1994 as the formation stage of the EU climate policy. The EU's climate policy has been developed in a certain degree from 1994 to 2004. With the signing and entry into force of the protocol, the EU's climate policy has entered a period of further improvement since 2005. The EU has formulated a series of policies on energy, taxation, market trading and technological innovation in terms of greenhouse gas emission reduction. With some success, the EU's greenhouse gas emissions will continue to decrease. The goal of reducing emissions by 20% by 2020 should not be a problem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.9

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