本文選題：國際私法 + 最密切聯(lián)系原則　； 參考：《河南師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：國際私法的最密切聯(lián)系學說,被公認為是沖突法領域最矚目的學說。美國學者里斯1971年撰寫的《第二次沖突法重述》比較系統(tǒng)的構建了該學說。自那時起,該學說就以迅猛之勢橫掃各國國際私法立法,成為當今國際私法界共通的語言,甚至被某些國際私法學者稱為“至高無上、神圣不可侵犯的理論”。自改革開放以來,我國涉外案件的數(shù)量逐年遞增,涉案的領域也日益廣泛,案情愈加復雜,國際私法的立法也亟待完善。本著“拿來主義”的精神,我國立法機關大膽引進“最密切聯(lián)系原則”,顛覆了以往國際私法較為機械的法律選擇方法,賦予審理個案的法官前所未有的自由裁量權,使法官在法律沖突面前,能夠結合具體案情,實事求是地做出更合理的法律選擇,保護了當事人的合法權益,實現(xiàn)了法律的價值。幾十年間“最密切聯(lián)系原則”在我國立法的地位發(fā)生了巨大的轉變。從1985年立法中的“連接因素”到2010年立法中的“補充原則”,寓意著我國對該原則的接受度和重視度的提高,也彰顯了我國立法技術的不斷成熟,符合了國際私法發(fā)展追求的趨同性。但該原則在中國的適用過程中,也凸顯出了一些問題,急需理論研究者和法律實踐者去應對、解決。本文第一部分從最密切聯(lián)系原則的源頭入手,通過經濟基礎、思想淵源和法律制度等幾個方面入手,分析了該原則產生的必要性和重要性。并重點結合我國的立法實踐,指出目前我國該原則適用中存在的利弊,通過此表述,可以對最密切聯(lián)系原則有一個基本的了解和總體的把握。第二部分,介紹該原則在中國適用的現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題。首先,從立法定位、適用范圍等四個方面實事求是地論述了目前該原則在中國適用的真實狀況;其次,從中國司法實踐出發(fā),指出該原則在我國適用中出現(xiàn)的一系列現(xiàn)實問題。這一部分最突出的特點就是緊扣中國國情。第三部分,探析該原則在中國出現(xiàn)問題的原因,從經濟、人員素質和法律體系等幾個方面入手,通過找出這些問題產生的根源,進而能夠對癥下藥,有的放矢地提出解決方法。第四部分,在找出最密切聯(lián)系原則存在問題的原因之后,結合我國實際情況,有針對性的提出了解決方法。希望這些建議對于我國國際私法的完善和成熟具有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The doctrine of the closest connection of private international law is recognized as the most noticeable doctrine in the field of conflict law. The second restatement of conflict Law, written by American scholar Rhys in 1971, systematically constructed the theory. Since then, the doctrine has swept through the legislation of private international law in various countries and become a common language in the field of private international law. It has even been called by some private international law scholars as "the supreme, sacred and inviolable theory". Since the reform and opening up, the number of foreign cases in China has increased year by year, the fields involved are increasingly extensive, the case is increasingly complex, and the legislation of private international law needs to be improved. In the spirit of "taking advantage of the doctrine", the legislature of our country has boldly introduced the "principle of the closest connection", subverting the previous more mechanical methods of legal choice in private international law, and giving the judges hearing cases unprecedented discretion. In the face of the conflict of laws, judges can make more reasonable legal choices, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and realize the value of the law. In recent decades, the position of the principle of closest connection has changed greatly in our country. From the "connecting factor" in the 1985 legislation to the "supplementary principle" in the legislation in 2010, it means that our country has increased the acceptance and importance of the principle, and has also demonstrated the continuous maturity of the legislative technology in our country. In line with the development of private international law in pursuit of convergence. However, the application of this principle in China also highlights some problems, which are urgently needed to be addressed and solved by theoretical researchers and legal practitioners. The first part of this paper starts with the source of the principle of the closest connection, and analyzes the necessity and importance of the principle through the aspects of economic foundation, ideological origin and legal system. Combining with the legislative practice of our country, the author points out the advantages and disadvantages of the application of this principle in our country at present. Through this expression, we can have a basic understanding and a general grasp of the principle of the closest connection. The second part introduces the current situation and existing problems of the application of the principle in China. Firstly, this paper discusses the true situation of the principle in China from four aspects: legislative orientation, scope of application, etc. Secondly, it points out a series of practical problems in the application of the principle in China from the point of view of Chinese judicial practice. The most prominent feature of this part is that it is closely related to China's national conditions. In the third part, the author analyzes the causes of the problems in China, starting from the aspects of economy, personnel quality and legal system, finds out the root causes of these problems, and then puts forward solutions to the problems. The fourth part, after finding out the causes of the problems in the principle of the closest connection, combining with the actual situation of our country, the author puts forward the solutions. I hope these suggestions can be used for reference for the perfection and maturity of private international law in China.
【學位授予單位】：河南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D997

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