本文選題：未成年人 + 刑事訴訟權(quán)利�。� 參考：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：未成年人司法制度是一國(guó)法律體系的重要組成部分，是衡量該國(guó)司法制度發(fā)達(dá)程度的標(biāo)尺之一。其中，對(duì)未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事訴訟中的正當(dāng)權(quán)益進(jìn)行實(shí)體和程序上的保護(hù)，是未成年司法制度的主要內(nèi)容。我們知道，由于未成年人生理和心理上的特殊性，犯罪之后具有較大的可塑性和接受教育的可能性，所以，在辦理未成年人刑事案件時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)本著保護(hù)未成年人身心健康的宗旨，在公正的前提下，突出教育性。為此，聯(lián)合國(guó)本著保障未成年人身心健康發(fā)展的宗旨，相繼通過(guò)了一系列國(guó)際公約和法律文件，如《兒童權(quán)利公約》、《北京規(guī)則》等。專門規(guī)定了有別于成年人犯罪的刑事訴訟指導(dǎo)原則以及保護(hù)刑事訴訟中未成年人的要求，在懲罰犯罪的同時(shí)，還要照顧未成年人的特殊性，以有利于他們身心發(fā)展的方式進(jìn)行教育矯正，使其順利回歸社會(huì)。 我國(guó)未成年人司法制度還處于發(fā)展的初期，尚未從普通刑事司法體系中獨(dú)立出來(lái)。目前我國(guó)還沒(méi)有建立專門的未成年人刑事訴訟權(quán)利保障體系，在立法層面缺乏獨(dú)立、統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的約束，司法實(shí)踐中也缺乏指導(dǎo)保護(hù)未成年人犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的特殊指導(dǎo)原則以及完備、具體的程序，對(duì)于未成年人在刑事訴訟中權(quán)利的保護(hù)仍面臨許多問(wèn)題。 本文以聯(lián)合國(guó)有關(guān)未成年人刑事訴訟權(quán)利保護(hù)的國(guó)際公約和文件為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的未成年人刑事訴訟權(quán)利保護(hù)的立法規(guī)定和司法現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了反思，通過(guò)對(duì)《兒童權(quán)利公約》、《北京規(guī)則》、《聯(lián)合國(guó)保護(hù)被剝奪自由少年規(guī)則》等公約、文件內(nèi)容的分析，立足于本國(guó)實(shí)際，指出了對(duì)照國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我國(guó)在未成年人的刑事訴訟權(quán)利保護(hù)方面存在的不足，并就如何完善立法與改進(jìn)司法方面提出了自己的構(gòu)想。具體說(shuō)來(lái)，本文共分四個(gè)部分： 第一部分闡述了國(guó)際人權(quán)法中有關(guān)未成年人刑事訴訟權(quán)利保障的內(nèi)容，粗略介紹了國(guó)際人權(quán)法上有關(guān)未成年人刑事訴訟權(quán)利保障的主要公約和文件，及該公約、文件中關(guān)于未成年人的定義，隨后闡述了以上公約、文件中有關(guān)未成年人刑事司法的主要精神以及具體規(guī)定，包括：兒童最大利益原則、未成年人在刑事訴訟中的基本權(quán)益、特殊訴訟程序的設(shè)置等。 第二部分是對(duì)我國(guó)未成年人刑事立法和司法現(xiàn)狀的考察，在總結(jié)我國(guó)未成年人刑事法律現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)之上，分別從立法和司法兩方面指出了目前我國(guó)未成年人司法制度方面存在的不足：在立法方面，還存著在缺乏系統(tǒng)性、可操作性、立法內(nèi)容上缺少必要的指導(dǎo)原則和特殊權(quán)利等問(wèn)題；在司法方面，，專門機(jī)構(gòu)以及專職人員的不完備、司法制度實(shí)施多有障礙以及執(zhí)行階段存在的問(wèn)題都尚待解決。 第三部分探討了以國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為參照的必要性，以及建議借鑒國(guó)際人權(quán)法中確立的未成年人刑事司法原則，具體包括：兒童最大利益原則、雙向保護(hù)原則、非刑事化原則、分離原則以及迅速簡(jiǎn)約原則。 第四部分，是本文的重點(diǎn)，筆者提出了完善我國(guó)未成年人刑事訴訟權(quán)利保障機(jī)制的建議，分別從完善我國(guó)未成年人刑事立法體系、科學(xué)配置專門機(jī)構(gòu)、完善我國(guó)未成年人刑事訴訟制度以及實(shí)施多樣化的刑罰執(zhí)行方式四個(gè)方面展開(kāi)論述。尤其是在實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)未成年罪犯非刑罰處罰方面，對(duì)于完善社區(qū)矯正制度，筆者提出了與高校合作建立教育矯正園區(qū)的構(gòu)想，即在現(xiàn)有的社區(qū)矯正制度之下，司法機(jī)關(guān)可以突破社區(qū)環(huán)境的不特定性，聯(lián)合高校，建立教育矯正園區(qū)作為專門的未成年人社區(qū)矯正場(chǎng)所。
[Abstract]:The judicial system of minors is an important part of the legal system of a country and one of the yardsticks to measure the degree of the development of the judicial system in the country. Among them, the substantive and procedural protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the juvenile suspects and the accused in the criminal proceedings is the main content of the juvenile judicial system. The physical and psychological particularity of the people of the year has great plasticity and the possibility of receiving education after the crime. So, when dealing with juvenile criminal cases, it should be based on the purpose of protecting the physical and mental health of the minors and underline the educational nature under the premise of justice. Therefore, the United Nations should have guaranteed the healthy development of the minors' physical and mental health. A series of international conventions and legal documents have been adopted, such as the Convention on the rights of the child, the Beijing rules, etc., which specifically stipulate the guiding principles of criminal proceedings different from adult crime and the protection of minors in criminal proceedings. While punishing crimes, they should take care of the particularity of the minors so as to facilitate their physical and mental health. The way of development is educational correction so that it can return to society smoothly.
The judicial system of minors in China is still in the early stage of development and has not been independent from the common criminal justice system. At present, our country has not established a special protection system for the rights of juvenile criminal litigation. It lacks independent, unified and normative constraints in the legislative level, and there is also a lack of guidance to protect juvenile suspects in judicial practice. The defendant's special guiding principles as well as complete and specific procedures still face many problems for the protection of minors' rights in criminal proceedings.
This article, based on the United Nations international conventions and documents concerning the protection of the rights of minors in criminal proceedings, reflects on the legislative provisions and judicial status of the protection of the rights of juvenile criminal litigation in China, through the Convention on the Convention on the rights of children, the Beijing rules, the United Nations rules for the protection of the juvenile deprived of freedom and so on, The analysis of the content, based on the reality of the country, points out the shortcomings of the protection of the criminal litigation rights of the minors in China as opposed to the international standards, and puts forward their own ideas on how to perfect the legislation and improve the judicature. In particular, this article is divided into four parts:
The first part expounds the contents of the protection of the rights of juvenile criminal litigation in international human rights law, briefly introduces the main conventions and documents concerning the protection of the rights of juvenile criminal proceedings in international human rights law, and the definition of minors in the document, and then expounds the above convention, and the juvenile punishment in the document. The main spirit and specific provisions of judicial affairs include the principle of the greatest interests of children, the basic rights and interests of minors in criminal proceedings, and the setting of special proceedings.
The second part is the investigation of the criminal legislation and judicial status of minors in our country. On the basis of summarizing the status of the criminal law of minors in our country, it points out the shortcomings of the present juvenile judicial system in our country from two aspects of legislation and judicature. In legislation, there is still a lack of systematicness, operability and legislation. The content lacks the necessary guiding principles and special rights. In the field of justice, the specialized agencies and the full-time staff are not complete, the judicial system has many obstacles to implement and the problems in the implementation stage are still to be solved.
The third part discusses the necessity of taking international standards as the reference, and proposes to draw on the principles of juvenile criminal justice established in the international human rights law, including the principle of the greatest interests of children, the principle of two-way protection, the principle of non criminalization, the principle of separation and the rapid and simple principle.
The fourth part is the key point of this article. The author puts forward some suggestions to improve the protection mechanism of the rights of juvenile criminal litigation in China, which are discussed from four aspects: perfecting the criminal legislation system of the juvenile in our country, scientifically configuring the specialized agencies, perfecting the criminal procedure system of the minors in our country and implementing the multi pattern of punishment execution mode. Especially in the realization of non penal punishment for juvenile offenders, for the improvement of community correction system, the author puts forward the idea of establishing an education and correction park with colleges and universities. That is, under the existing community correction system, the judicial organs can break through the unspecific nature of the community environment, the joint colleges and universities, and the establishment of the education and correction Park as a special special. A community correctional place for a minor.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D998.2;D925.2

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本文編號(hào)：1884476