發(fā)布時間：2018-05-13 00:37

  本文選題：WTO法 + 爭端預(yù)防　； 參考：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)過幾十年的發(fā)展,WTO已初步形成了一套可以防范貿(mào)易爭端、摩擦的制度體系。該制度體系由政策協(xié)調(diào)、多邊規(guī)制和強制糾偏等三大制度組成。該文圍繞上述三大制度體系,運用利益分析法對WTO框架下的爭端預(yù)防制度問題進(jìn)行了多方位的探討。第一章《對國際貿(mào)易爭端預(yù)防問題的多維透視》對WTO框架下爭端預(yù)防的一些理論問題做了初步概述。從利益分析的視角看,國際貿(mào)易爭端是一種以法律形式表現(xiàn)出來的、體現(xiàn)于國際貿(mào)易關(guān)系方面的利益矛盾和沖突。國家間利益沖突是貿(mào)易爭端形成的根源。WTO爭端預(yù)防制度有助于消除沖突隱患、保護(hù)各方利益、改良國際貿(mào)易環(huán)境、維護(hù)國際貿(mào)易法制秩序。緩解乃至消除利益矛盾和沖突是預(yù)防貿(mào)易爭端的基礎(chǔ)。第二章《基于政策協(xié)調(diào)的WTO爭端預(yù)防制度》探討了GATT/WTO政策協(xié)調(diào)機制中的爭端預(yù)防功能。WTO體制下的貿(mào)易政策協(xié)調(diào)的本質(zhì)表現(xiàn)為成員方之間的利益協(xié)調(diào)。WTO體制下的利益協(xié)調(diào)是通過政策協(xié)調(diào)體制來實現(xiàn)的。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的相互依存性使得國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易政策協(xié)調(diào)具有必要性和必然性。GATT/WTO框架下貿(mào)易政策協(xié)調(diào)的基本途徑是多邊貿(mào)易談判。WTO框架下的貿(mào)易政策協(xié)調(diào)可以在平衡利益關(guān)系、防止利益受損、促進(jìn)利益目標(biāo)實現(xiàn)等方面發(fā)揮積極作用。貿(mào)易政策的國際協(xié)調(diào)有助于消解或緩和成員間的利益矛盾,減少或避免國際貿(mào)易爭端。該協(xié)調(diào)機制為改善國際貿(mào)易環(huán)境、創(chuàng)建國際貿(mào)易法治秩序作出了特殊的貢獻(xiàn)。但該協(xié)調(diào)機制的內(nèi)在缺陷也影響了其在爭端預(yù)防方面的作用發(fā)揮。第三章《基于多邊規(guī)制的WTO爭端預(yù)防制度》研究了WTO法律規(guī)范在預(yù)防貿(mào)易爭端方面的功能和機理。WTO法律規(guī)范所調(diào)整和規(guī)制的是各成員的貿(mào)易政策。作為對成員經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易政策措施進(jìn)行再規(guī)制的WTO規(guī)制顯示出鮮明的多邊規(guī)制特征。從法律的角度來考量,wto框架下的多邊規(guī)制的本質(zhì)是以法定義務(wù)的方式限制成員方的權(quán)利范圍,規(guī)范和引導(dǎo)其政策行為,確保一成員的利益不因其他成員對權(quán)利的濫用而遭受侵害。在制度設(shè)計和實踐中,wto將督促成員遵守適用協(xié)定項下的規(guī)則和承諾、維護(hù)各方在多邊貿(mào)易體制下的權(quán)益作為避免貿(mào)易爭端的根本之道。wto多邊規(guī)制制度在預(yù)防貿(mào)易爭端方面的效果整體較好。第四章《基于強制糾偏的wto爭端預(yù)防制度》考察了wto強制糾偏制度在預(yù)防爭端中的功效。對成員偏差政策進(jìn)行強制糾偏的目標(biāo)就是保障各方的法律利益,維護(hù)多邊貿(mào)易體制下具有互惠性特征的利益平衡關(guān)系。dsm框架下的強制糾偏從實質(zhì)上來說就是通過修正、調(diào)整成員不當(dāng)(違法)政策措施來防止該政策措施可能對其他成員利益的損害�？傮w來說,強制糾偏制度在糾正和調(diào)整成員方不當(dāng)貿(mào)易政策、維持國際貿(mào)易秩序、預(yù)防貿(mào)易爭端方面是功不可沒的。從國際貿(mào)易迅速發(fā)展的態(tài)勢可以看出,政策糾偏體制下的爭端預(yù)防制度在預(yù)防貿(mào)易爭端方面的功效還是較大的。第五章《wto法律制度在爭端預(yù)防方面的制度性缺陷》剖析了wto法律制度在預(yù)防貿(mào)易爭端方面的制度性缺陷。wto某些規(guī)定具有較強的主觀性、不嚴(yán)密性和不合理性;wto體制下的法律責(zé)任不嚴(yán),違反協(xié)定義務(wù)的成本低,法律責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式單一;wto審議監(jiān)督運作體系不健全,尚未建立起對成員政策進(jìn)行事前審議的制度;成員在dsm之外實施反貿(mào)易措施,游離于dsm之外的反傾銷(反補貼)措施成為貿(mào)易爭端的主要隱患。諸如此類的制度性缺陷不利于、甚至阻礙wto法律制度對貿(mào)易爭端的預(yù)防和控制。第六章《改進(jìn)wto框架下爭端預(yù)防制度的設(shè)想》就完善wto爭端預(yù)防制度進(jìn)行了初步設(shè)想。該文建議,應(yīng)在平衡權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)制度正義,使wto法律符合經(jīng)濟(jì)理性和法律理性的雙重要求;推進(jìn)政策協(xié)調(diào)體制的合法性建設(shè)和效率建設(shè),在wto體制內(nèi)建立“雙層”協(xié)調(diào)決策體制;嚴(yán)格多邊體制下的法律責(zé)任追究制度,提高違規(guī)成本;將貿(mào)易救濟(jì)措施納入DSM框架,規(guī)定非經(jīng)DSB授權(quán)不得實施貿(mào)易救濟(jì)措施;對成員貿(mào)易政策試行事先審議制度,健全“三位一體”的審議體系,并讓專項審議機構(gòu)開展獨立、中立并具有約束力的政策審議和政策監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:After decades of development, WTO has initially formed a system that can prevent trade disputes and frictions. The system is composed of three systems, such as policy coordination, multilateral regulation and compulsory rectifying. This paper has carried out a multidimensional approach to the dispute prevention system under the WTO frame around the above three system systems. The first chapter, the multidimensional perspective on the prevention of international trade disputes, a preliminary overview of some theoretical issues of dispute prevention under the framework of WTO. From the perspective of interest analysis, international trade disputes is a legal form of interest and conflict reflected in international trade relations. The.WTO dispute prevention system is the root cause of the formation of trade disputes, which helps to eliminate the hidden danger of conflict, protect the interests of all parties, improve the international trade environment, maintain the legal order of international trade, alleviate and even eliminate the contradiction and conflict of interests as the basis for the prevention of trade disputes. The second chapter "the WTO dispute prevention system based on policy coordination" has discussed GATT/WTO The essence of the trade policy coordination under the.WTO system of the policy coordination mechanism is that the interests coordination under the.WTO system of the member Fang Zhijian is realized through the policy coordination system. The interdependence of the world economy makes the coordination of the international economic and trade policy necessary and inevitable.GATT/WTO frame The basic way for the coordination of trade policy under the framework is that the coordination of trade policy under the.WTO framework of multilateral trade negotiations can play an active role in balancing interests, preventing loss of interests and promoting the realization of interest goals. International coordination of trade policy helps to eliminate or mitigate the conflicts of interests among members and to reduce or avoid international trade disputes. This coordination mechanism has made a special contribution to the improvement of the international trade environment and the establishment of the rule of law order in international trade. But the internal defects of the coordination mechanism also affect its role in the prevention of disputes. The third chapter, the WTO dispute prevention system based on multilateral regulation, has studied the merits of the WTO legal norms in the prevention of trade disputes. The regulation and regulation of the.WTO legal norms of energy and mechanism is the trade policy of the members. The WTO regulation, as a re regulation of the policies and measures for the economic and trade policy of members, shows distinct characteristics of the multilateral regulation. From the legal point of view, the essence of the multilateral regulation under the framework of WTO is to limit the rights of the members by means of legal obligation. In the design and practice of the system, WTO will urge members to comply with the rules and commitments under the applicable agreement and safeguard the rights and interests of all parties under the multilateral trading system as the fundamental way of avoiding trade disputes,.Wto multilateral rules, in the design and practice of the system. The effect of the system in the prevention of trade disputes is better. The fourth chapter, the WTO dispute prevention system based on compulsory correction, examines the effectiveness of the WTO compulsory rectifying system in the prevention of disputes. The objective of coercive correction to the policy of member deviation is to safeguard the legal interests of all parties and maintain the reciprocal characteristics under the multilateral trading system. The coercive correction under the framework of.Dsm is, in essence, by revising and adjusting members' improper policy measures to prevent the possible damage to the interests of other members. In general, the compulsory rectifying system is correcting and adjusting member Fang Bu's trade policy, maintaining international trade order and preventing trade. With the rapid development of international trade, it can be seen that the effectiveness of the dispute prevention system under the system of policy correction in the prevention of trade disputes is still larger. The fifth chapter analysis of the system of the WTO legal system in the prevention of trade disputes Some of the provisions of sexual defect.Wto have strong subjectivity, imprecision and imperfection; the legal responsibility under the WTO system is not strict, the cost of violating the obligations of the agreement is low and the way of liability for legal responsibility is unitary; the system of WTO deliberation and supervision is not sound, and the system of deliberation on the policy of members has not been established; the members carry out anti trade outside the DSM. The anti dumping (anti subsidy) measures that are free from DSM have become the main hidden danger of trade disputes. Such institutional defects are not conducive to the prevention and control of the WTO legal system on trade disputes. The sixth chapter, the tentative idea of improving the system of dispute prevention under the framework of WTO, has carried out a tentative idea on the improvement of the WTO dispute prevention system. The article suggests that the system justice should be realized on the basis of the balance of rights and obligations, that the WTO law should meet the dual requirements of economic rationality and legal rationality, to promote the legal construction and efficiency construction of the policy coordination system, to establish a "double level" Coordination Decision System in the WTO system, and to improve the legal responsibility investigation system under the strict multilateral system and improve the system. Violation costs; incorporate trade relief measures into the DSM framework, stipulate that no trade relief measures can be implemented without the authorization of the DSB; a pre deliberation system on members' trade policies, a perfect "Trinity" deliberation system, and an independent, neutral and binding policy deliberation and policy supervision of a special deliberative institution.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D996.1

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本文編號：1880891

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