本文選題：WTO + 市場經(jīng)濟地位　； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：市場經(jīng)濟地位問題長期困擾著我國企業(yè)的出口。一些國家以我國不是市場經(jīng)濟為由,在反傾銷中對我國企業(yè)出口產(chǎn)品采用替代國計算方法,使得產(chǎn)品傾銷更加容易被認(rèn)定,給企業(yè)帶來很大的損失,影響了我國對外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。在GATT/WTO框架中,將市場經(jīng)濟地位與反傾銷聯(lián)系起來的做法并沒有明確的依據(jù)。因此,一些國家在國內(nèi)法中將其作出明確規(guī)定,在反傾銷調(diào)查中使用非市場經(jīng)濟規(guī)則的行為是不合理的,缺乏確定的法律依據(jù),給多邊貿(mào)易體制造成了破壞。2016年12月11日,《中國加入議定書》中第15條(a)款(ii)項到期,意味著WTO成員國應(yīng)當(dāng)停止在對華反傾銷調(diào)查中適用替代國方法來計算產(chǎn)品正常價值的做法。然而,歐盟、美國、日本等國家卻以不認(rèn)可我國的市場經(jīng)濟為由拒絕履行WTO條約義務(wù),繼續(xù)適用替代國方法。歐美國內(nèi)法中的市場經(jīng)濟標(biāo)準(zhǔn)本身就存在問題,其對我國市場經(jīng)濟的判斷也是不準(zhǔn)確的,而且歐美在反傾銷調(diào)查中適用非市場經(jīng)濟規(guī)則時往往濫用自由裁量權(quán),對我國企業(yè)實行不公平待遇。我國有必要采取措施促使這些國家履行國際法義務(wù),維護自身利益。解決我國的市場經(jīng)濟問題需要政府和企業(yè)的彼此協(xié)作。我國政府可以通過外交談判、WTO爭端解決機制等手段積極推進外國尤其是歐美對我國市場經(jīng)濟地位的承認(rèn),積極尋求市場經(jīng)濟地位。企業(yè)要主動提升自身的制度和管理,努力與國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接軌,增加與國外同行業(yè)以及進口商的聯(lián)系,在反傾銷調(diào)查中與國外調(diào)查機關(guān)充分溝通,爭取企業(yè)單獨稅率并努力獲得更加廣泛的行業(yè)認(rèn)同,同時也要做好反傾銷應(yīng)訴的準(zhǔn)備。
[Abstract]:The problem of market economy status has been puzzling the export of Chinese enterprises for a long time. Some countries, citing that China is not a market economy, adopt the surrogate country calculation method for our enterprises' export products in anti-dumping, which makes the dumping of products easier to identify and brings great losses to the enterprises. It affects the development of China's foreign trade. In the framework of GATT/WTO, there is no clear basis for linking market economy status with anti-dumping. As a result, some States have made it clear in their domestic laws that the use of non-market economic rules in anti-dumping investigations is unreasonable and lacks a firm legal basis. The damage done to the multilateral trading system. On 11 December 2016, Article 15 (a) of the Protocol on China's accession expired, This means that WTO member countries should stop using the surrogate country method to calculate the normal value of products in anti-dumping investigations against China. However, the European Union, the United States, Japan and other countries refuse to fulfill their WTO treaty obligations because they do not recognize China's market economy, and continue to apply the surrogate country method. The standard of market economy in the domestic law of Europe and the United States has its own problems, and its judgment on the market economy of our country is also inaccurate. Moreover, the United States and the United States often abuse their discretion when applying the rules of non-market economy in anti-dumping investigations. Unfair treatment should be given to Chinese enterprises. It is necessary for us to take measures to urge these countries to comply with their obligations under international law and to safeguard their own interests. Solving our country's market economy problem needs the cooperation of government and enterprise. Our government can actively promote the recognition of China's market economy status by means of diplomatic negotiation and WTO dispute settlement mechanism, especially in Europe and the United States, and actively seek market economy status. Enterprises should take the initiative to upgrade their own system and management, strive to conform to international standards, increase contacts with their foreign counterparts and importers, and communicate fully with foreign investigative authorities in anti-dumping investigations. Strive for a separate tax rate and strive for wider industry recognition, but also prepare for anti-dumping.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D996.1

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