本文選題：無核區(qū) + 《特拉特洛爾科條約》��； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：冷戰(zhàn)初期,美蘇之間的核對抗愈演愈烈,世界其它地區(qū)也爆發(fā)了一系列反對核武器、核軍備競賽和維護世界和平的運動。拉丁美洲作為一個有人居住的大洲,在該區(qū)域內(nèi)建立無核區(qū)所涉及的問題無論是在政治上還是在技術(shù)上都具有極大的復(fù)雜性且進(jìn)展較為緩慢,盡管困難重重,但是這一設(shè)想最終以《特拉特洛爾科條約》的簽署而成為現(xiàn)實。自20世紀(jì)50年代提出無核區(qū)這一設(shè)想以來,其逐漸被視為一種能夠抵御核危險的安全手段,是實現(xiàn)全面、徹底裁軍的第一步。本文主要從三個方面來探討《特拉特洛爾科條約》的建立過程以及實施情況。第一部分為拉美無核區(qū)倡議的起源,20世紀(jì)50年代以來,拉丁美洲國家開始參與到軍備控制行動中,但由于冷戰(zhàn)時期國際局勢較為復(fù)雜,發(fā)揮的作用有限。但是,1962年發(fā)生的古巴導(dǎo)彈危機給拉丁美洲人民帶來了恐懼,拉美國家開始謀求自身的安全之路。第二部分分析美國對建立拉美無核區(qū)的立場。在《特拉特洛爾科條約》的談判過程中,美國政府內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的分歧,但是經(jīng)過肯尼迪和約翰遜兩屆政府對該條約的討論與商議,美國的立場由最初的“不置一詞”到支持“以美國的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建立無核區(qū)”,發(fā)展到最后有條件的簽署了條約的第二附加議定書。第三部分分析《特拉特洛爾科條約》的實施情況,盡管在實施過程中遭遇了挑戰(zhàn),但總體而言,《特拉特洛爾科條約》的實施效果較為良好,到1993年,拉丁美洲33個國家全部簽署并批準(zhǔn)該條約。《特拉特洛爾科條約》是區(qū)域國家組織在國際不擴散核體系尚不完善的情況下反對核武器和核擴散的產(chǎn)物,它對其它區(qū)域國家建立無核區(qū)并制定相關(guān)條約起到了非常重要的作用。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the Cold War, the nuclear confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union intensified, and a series of campaigns against nuclear weapons, nuclear arms race and world peace broke out in other parts of the world. As a inhabited continent, the problems involved in the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Latin America in the region are of great complexity and slow progress, both politically and technically, despite the difficulties involved, But this idea finally became a reality with the signing of the Treaty of Tlatelolco. Since the idea of a nuclear-free zone was put forward in the 1950s, it has come to be seen as a means of security against nuclear danger and as a first step towards general and complete disarmament. This paper discusses the establishment and implementation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco from three aspects. The first part is the origin of the Latin American nuclear-free zone initiative. Since the 1950s, the Latin American countries began to participate in arms control activities, but because of the complicated international situation during the Cold War, the role played by the Latin American countries is limited. But the Cuban missile crisis of 1962 brought fear to the Latin American people, and Latin American countries began to seek their own security. The second part analyzes the position of the United States on the establishment of a nuclear-free zone in Latin America. During the negotiation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, there were serious differences within the United States Government, but after the discussions and deliberations of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations on the Treaty, The position of the United States developed from the initial "no word" to the support of "the establishment of a nuclear-free zone by United States standards" to the conditional signing of additional Protocol II to the Treaty. The third part analyses the implementation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco. Despite the challenges encountered in its implementation, the implementation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco was generally effective, and by 1993, The Treaty of Tlatelolco was signed and ratified by all 33 States in Latin America. The Treaty of Tlatelolco is the product of regional organizations opposing nuclear weapons and nuclear proliferation while the international non-proliferation nuclear regime is incomplete, It has played a very important role in the establishment of nuclear-free zones and treaties by other regional countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D993.8;D871.2

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