發(fā)布時間：2018-04-24 00:18

  本文選題：《鹿特丹規(guī)則》 + 批量合同�。� 參考：《天津師范大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：聯(lián)合國大會于2008年通過了《聯(lián)合國全程或部分海上國際貨物運輸合同公約》,亦被稱為《鹿特丹規(guī)則》。《鹿特丹規(guī)則》的創(chuàng)舉在于它突破了以往的海上貨物運輸法對合同自由進行限制的傳統(tǒng),規(guī)定了批量合同制度并允許當事人以自由協(xié)商的方式訂立合同。批量合同在國際航運實踐中已被普遍使用并產(chǎn)生了良好的效果,但目前的國際海上貨物運輸法以及大部分國家的國內(nèi)法都未將其納入調(diào)整范圍,形成了法律制度上的空白�！堵固氐ひ�(guī)則》適時的填補了這個空白,對于推動國際航運業(yè)的發(fā)展有重要意義。本文共分為三個部分,第一部分闡述了現(xiàn)行海上貨物運輸公約對合同自由原則的限制,《鹿特丹規(guī)則》為了適應國際海運市場發(fā)展的新趨勢,創(chuàng)造性的規(guī)定了批量合同制度,并引入合同自由原則,打破了傳統(tǒng)海上貨物運輸法限制合同自由的做法,這種自由的回歸是理性的、適度的。第二部分從國際社會對批量合同制度引入合同自由原則產(chǎn)生的爭議入手,即批量合同的定義是否過于寬泛、批量合同制度能否充分保護中小貨主以及第三人的利益。結(jié)合國際海上貨物運輸?shù)陌l(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和《鹿特丹規(guī)則》關于批量合同的具體法律條文進行論述,進而闡明公約條款能夠比較充分的保護中小貨主和第三人的利益,但公約應對批量合同的定義加以必要的限定,提高批量合同的門檻。第三部分主要論述了批量合同引入合同自由后可能會對我國航運業(yè)以及承托雙方尤其是中小托運人產(chǎn)生的影響,并從多個方面為我國的航運業(yè)和中小托運人提供了諸多應對之策。隨后分別從經(jīng)濟實效和法律實效兩個方面對批量合同制度的合理性進行分析,最后根據(jù)《鹿特丹規(guī)則》中批量合同的相關內(nèi)容以及我國航運業(yè)的現(xiàn)實狀況,對我國《海商法》吸納批量合同進行制度設計,旨在構(gòu)建起一種既能尊重當事人意思自治,又能充分顧及到合同公平與正義的批量合同制度,從而推動我國海上貨物運輸業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The United Nations General Assembly adopted the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Carriage of goods wholly or partly by Sea in 2008, also known as the Rotterdam rules. The tradition of restrictions on the freedom of contract, The volume contract system is established and the parties are allowed to conclude the contract by free negotiation. Volume contracts have been widely used in international shipping practice and have produced good results. However, the current international law on the carriage of goods by sea and the domestic laws of most countries have not incorporated them into the scope of the adjustment. The Rotterdam rules fill this gap in time, and it is of great significance to promote the development of international shipping industry. This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, the restriction of the freedom of contract principle of the current convention on the carriage of goods by sea is expounded. In order to adapt to the new trend of the development of the international shipping market, the Rotterdam rules creatively stipulate the volume contract system. The principle of freedom of contract is introduced to break the practice of restricting the freedom of contract in the traditional law of carriage of goods by sea. The return of this freedom is rational and moderate. The second part starts with the controversy that the international community introduces the principle of freedom of contract into the volume contract system, that is, whether the definition of volume contract is too broad, and whether the volume contract system can fully protect the interests of small and medium-sized cargo owners and third parties. Combined with the development of international carriage of goods by sea and the specific legal provisions of the Rotterdam rules on volume contracts, it is expounded that the provisions of the Convention can fully protect the interests of small and medium-sized cargo owners and third parties. However, the convention should limit the definition of volume contract and raise the threshold of volume contract. The third part mainly discusses the impact that the volume contract may have on the shipping industry and the supporting parties, especially the small and medium-sized shippers, when the volume contract is introduced into the contract freedom. And from many aspects for China's shipping industry and small and medium shippers to provide a number of countermeasures. Then the rationality of the volume contract system is analyzed from the aspects of economic effectiveness and legal effectiveness. Finally, according to the relevant contents of the volume contract in the Rotterdam rules and the actual situation of the shipping industry in China, In order to build up a mass contract system that respects the autonomy of the parties and fully takes into account the fairness and justice of the contract, the system of absorbing bulk contract is designed in order to establish the system of mass contract in order to respect the autonomy of the parties concerned and fully take into account the fairness and justice of the contract. So as to promote the vigorous development of China's maritime cargo transport industry.
【學位授予單位】：天津師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D996.19

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