本文選題：清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目 + 核證減排量�。� 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制是一種市場(chǎng)機(jī)制,《京都議定書(shū)》設(shè)計(jì)這種機(jī)制(以及聯(lián)合履行、排放貿(mào)易兩種市場(chǎng)機(jī)制)的目的在于協(xié)助《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》附件Ⅰ國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)其量化的限制和減少排放的承諾,并使得實(shí)施清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展中國(guó)家得到投資或技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓,實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。該機(jī)制的核心環(huán)節(jié)在于,將清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目所產(chǎn)生的核證減排量轉(zhuǎn)讓給附件一國(guó)家或該國(guó)負(fù)有減排義務(wù)的主體。 自2004年以來(lái),中國(guó)在清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目市場(chǎng)的市場(chǎng)份額始終處于領(lǐng)先地位,同時(shí)也是核證減排量的最大賣(mài)方。但中國(guó)清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施方在談判中仍無(wú)法掌握話語(yǔ)權(quán),受制于買(mǎi)方的定價(jià)；在市價(jià)低迷時(shí)面臨買(mǎi)方毀約的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這不禁讓人懷疑,中國(guó)的清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)者是否從相關(guān)項(xiàng)目中獲得了可能的最大收益；如果沒(méi)有,又是哪些因素阻礙了中國(guó)清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目更好的發(fā)展。 本文共分為五部分。 第一章首先介紹調(diào)整清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目的國(guó)際法規(guī)范、國(guó)內(nèi)法規(guī)范,隨后介紹項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)發(fā)、運(yùn)營(yíng)和產(chǎn)生核證減排量的流程,以及基于項(xiàng)目的核證減排量交易與其他碳交易模式的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系。從對(duì)上述國(guó)際法規(guī)范和項(xiàng)目流程的分析可以看出,規(guī)則和程序在清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目中的重要性,也表明自該項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生、最終由執(zhí)行理事會(huì)簽發(fā)的核證減排量是制度擬制的產(chǎn)物——從而為下一章有關(guān)核證減排量性質(zhì)的討論奠定基礎(chǔ)。在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)法規(guī)的討論中,筆者將對(duì)中國(guó)法律未界定核證減排量權(quán)屬、限制項(xiàng)目實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)資格作出評(píng)論。 第二章討論的是核證減排量交易與清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目運(yùn)營(yíng)的之間的關(guān)系。筆者將首先界定核證減排量、核證減排量協(xié)議的定義、分析其性質(zhì)。通過(guò)對(duì)相關(guān)法律規(guī)定的解讀和比較法研究,筆者認(rèn)為核證減排量是一種法定權(quán)利,可以作為物權(quán)客體；核證減排量協(xié)議是買(mǎi)賣(mài)遠(yuǎn)期碳信用的長(zhǎng)期協(xié)議,該協(xié)議的不同階段均需要不同第三方的協(xié)助。隨后的討論圍繞減排量買(mǎi)方在清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目中可能的角色展開(kāi),并分析各自利弊。最后,筆者對(duì)于“單邊開(kāi)發(fā)”這種項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)模式給中國(guó)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和限制進(jìn)行探討。 第三章是對(duì)核證減排量協(xié)議條款的分析、評(píng)述。該章將首先對(duì)核證減排量交易中需要考慮的制度性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)作概括性描述,隨后有關(guān)主要條款的逐條研究將參照《核證減排量購(gòu)買(mǎi)協(xié)議通用條款》、《清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制減排量購(gòu)買(mǎi)協(xié)議》及《核證減排量買(mǎi)賣(mài)協(xié)議(模板)》這三份核證減排量買(mǎi)賣(mài)領(lǐng)域的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)議展開(kāi),并按照交易實(shí)踐中的慣常做法,以英國(guó)法為準(zhǔn)據(jù)法進(jìn)行分析,筆者力求對(duì)于分析中對(duì)買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方的利益、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均有所兼顧。 第四章討論的是《京都議定書(shū)》第一承諾期之后,核證減排量交易的前景。盡管《京都議定書(shū)》第二承諾期將于2013年1月1日開(kāi)始,但這并沒(méi)有改變核證減排量市場(chǎng)低迷和買(mǎi)方信心不足的現(xiàn)狀。筆者分析了核證減排量交易(及作為其基礎(chǔ)的清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制)所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)、買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方的應(yīng)對(duì)之道,并針對(duì)中國(guó)政府和項(xiàng)目實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)給出建議。 第五部分為結(jié)語(yǔ)。
[Abstract]:The clean development mechanism is a market mechanism. The design of the Kyoto Protocol (and the joint implementation of the two market mechanisms for emissions trading) is aimed at assisting the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change (UN Framework Convention on climate change), Annex I, to achieve its commitment to quantifying and reducing emissions, and to implement the development of CDM projects. The core of the mechanism is to transfer the certification reductions generated by the CDM project to the annex one country or the country that has the responsibility to reduce the emission reduction obligations.
Since 2004, China has always been in the leading position in the clean development mechanism market market share, and is also the largest seller of certification reduction. However, the implementation of China's clean development mechanism project is still unable to grasp the right of discourse in the negotiation, and is subject to the buyer's pricing; the risk of the buyer's destruction when the market price is low. It helps to wonder whether China's clean development mechanism project developers have obtained the greatest possible benefit from the related projects; if not, what are the factors that have hindered the better development of China's CDM projects.
This article is divided into five parts.
The first chapter introduces the norms of the international law for the adjustment of the CDM projects, the norms of domestic law, and then the development of the project, the process of operation and the production of certified emission reduction, and the difference and connection between the project based certification reduction transaction and the other carbon trading models. The importance of the rules and procedures in the CDM project also indicates that the amount of certified emission reduction issued by the Executive Council is the product of the system proposed by the Executive Council - the basis for the discussion of the next chapter on the nature of the certification reduction. Define the authority of certification emission reduction and comment on the qualification of project implementation agencies.
The second chapter discusses the relationship between the certification of the volume reduction transaction and the operation of the CDM project. First, the author will define the definition of the certification reduction, the definition of the agreement of the verification of the volume reduction, and the analysis of its nature. It is a long-term agreement on the sale of long-term carbon credit. The different stages of the agreement require the assistance of different third parties. The subsequent discussion around the possible role of the buyer in the clean development mechanism project and the analysis of their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the author of the "unilateral development" of the project development model. The risks and restrictions brought to Chinese project implementation institutions are discussed.
The third chapter is an analysis of the terms and conditions of the agreement. This chapter will first give a general description of the institutional risks and project risks that need to be considered in the transaction of the certification reduction volume. The standard agreement of the three areas of sale and sale of certifying reduction and displacement (template) is carried out and analyzed in accordance with the usual practice in the practice of the transaction and the British law as the applicable law. The author seeks to take care of the interests of both buyers and sellers in the analysis.
The fourth chapter discusses the prospects for the verification of reduced volume transactions after the first commitment period of the Kyoto protocol. Although the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol will begin in January 1, 2013, it does not change the current situation of the market downturn in the certification reduction market and the lack of buyer's confidence. The challenges faced by the clean development mechanism, the response of buyers and sellers, and suggestions for Chinese government and project implementation agencies.
The fifth part is the conclusion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.9

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本文編號(hào)：1786468