本文選題：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審查行為 + GATS規(guī)則�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)已經(jīng)深入到人們生活的各個方面,它幾乎可以將所有的內(nèi)容隨時隨地傳播到世界的每一個角落�？萍嫉陌l(fā)展進(jìn)步,使得個人和公司都成為潛在的跨國服務(wù)提供者和服務(wù)接受者。網(wǎng)絡(luò)在日益展現(xiàn)其強(qiáng)大魅力的同時,也逐漸暴露出潛在的威脅：一些黃色、暴力信息通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播泛濫,影響未成年人的價值觀；極端主義分子借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播極端恐怖主義思想,通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)組織、發(fā)動暴亂,威脅人們的人身安全；網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)管的漏洞,使得網(wǎng)民個人信息以及重要資料頻頻泄露；由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)黑客的入侵,國家的安全與利益面臨前所未有的威脅。這些事件的發(fā)生,使得人們不得不考慮網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全問題,甚至需要對網(wǎng)絡(luò)采取一定的限制措施。因而,越來越多的國家參與到網(wǎng)絡(luò)審查的行列中來,采用各種審查手段,屏蔽、過濾或是建立專門的機(jī)構(gòu)對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)管。各國實(shí)施的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的審查之所以會影響到國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,緣于近年來互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及應(yīng)用滲透到國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域,如今不僅像美國、英國這樣的發(fā)達(dá)國家利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行服務(wù)貿(mào)易,中國作為發(fā)展中國家也將互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)行了有效整合。總體來看,國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為趨勢,而且極有可能成為未來國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易的主要形式。在我們認(rèn)可以及贊賞互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易帶來新機(jī)遇的同時,也必須意識到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審查已愈來愈普遍,審查手段和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日趨嚴(yán)格,這些措施不可避免地對國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生了一定程度的阻礙,導(dǎo)致由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審查引起的國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易爭端逐漸增多。在國際社會,《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》(即GATS)作為規(guī)范國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易的多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議,具有重要的指導(dǎo)作用,為實(shí)現(xiàn)國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易的自由化作出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)。當(dāng)成員國之間發(fā)生服務(wù)貿(mào)易沖突時,GATS往往成為裁判的依據(jù),而且得到世界大多數(shù)國家的廣泛認(rèn)可。成員國采取的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審查措施往往容易違反GATS的相關(guān)規(guī)則,比如市場準(zhǔn)入原則、國民待遇原則和透明度原則等。而雙方爭論的焦點(diǎn)往往在于一國采取的網(wǎng)絡(luò)審查措施是否違反GATS規(guī)則,這一點(diǎn)同樣也是爭端解決的關(guān)鍵。本文通過與國家互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審查相關(guān)的國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易案例,分析互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審查行為違反GATS規(guī)則Ⅲ,Ⅵ,ⅩⅥ, ⅩⅦ的具體情形。同時,簡單探討如何獲得有效的法律救濟(jì)。最后,文章落腳于中國目前互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審查在國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易中面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及其應(yīng)對措施。本文共分五部分,第一部分主要介紹本文的選題來源、研究現(xiàn)狀以及研究方法；第二部分主要介紹互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審查；第三部分結(jié)合國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易中與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審查相關(guān)的典型案例,分析互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審查違反GATS規(guī)則Ⅲ,Ⅳ,ⅩⅥ,ⅩⅦ的情形；第四部分針對第三部的沖突,提出具體的救濟(jì)措施；第五部分論述當(dāng)前中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審查的相關(guān)法律文件、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及其對策。
[Abstract]:Internet services have penetrated into all aspects of people's lives, it can almost all content spread to every corner of the world at any time. Advances in technology have enabled individuals and companies to become potential transnational service providers and service recipients. At the same time, the network gradually exposed the potential threats: some yellow, violent information spread through the network flooding, affecting the values of minors; Extremists use the network to spread extremist terrorist ideas, organize through the network, launch riots, threaten people's personal safety, network supervision loopholes, make Internet users personal information and important information leaked frequently; As a result of the network hacker's invasion, the national security and the interest faces the unprecedented threat. The occurrence of these events makes people have to consider the network security issues, and even need to take certain restrictions on the network. As a result, more and more countries participate in the ranks of network censorship, using various means of censorship, blocking, filtering or establishing specialized agencies to regulate the Internet. The reason why the censorship of the Internet implemented by various countries will affect the development of international trade in services is that the popularization of the Internet has penetrated into the field of international trade in services in recent years, not only in the United States, but also in the United States. Developed countries such as Britain use the Internet to trade in services, and China, as a developing country, integrates the Internet effectively with international trade in services. In general, the development of international trade in services with the help of Internet platforms has become a trend, and it is very likely to become the main form of international trade in services in the future. While we recognize and appreciate the new opportunities that the Internet presents for international trade in services, we must also be aware that Internet censorship has become increasingly common and that censorship instruments and standards have become increasingly stringent, These measures inevitably hinder the international trade in services to a certain extent and lead to the increasing number of disputes caused by Internet censorship. In the international community, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), as a multilateral trade agreement regulating international trade in services, plays an important guiding role and has made important contributions to the liberalization of international trade in services. When there is a conflict of trade in services between member countries, GATS is often the basis of adjudication, and is widely accepted by most countries in the world. Internet censorship measures taken by member countries are often prone to violate GATS rules, such as market access, national treatment and transparency. The dispute over whether a country's cyber censorship measures violate GATS rules is also key to dispute resolution. Based on the cases of international trade in services related to national Internet censorship, this paper analyzes the specific cases of violations of GATS rules 鈪，

本文編號：1785827