本文選題：非違法之訴 + 歷史淵源　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：非違法之訴是WTO/GATT爭端解決機(jī)制中的重要組成,是維護(hù)GATT/WTO框架下雙邊或多邊貿(mào)易談判成果的有效機(jī)制之一。非違法之訴孕育于早期的國際聯(lián)盟時(shí)代,歷經(jīng)GATT時(shí)期的探索和WTO時(shí)期的完善。非違法之訴的產(chǎn)生和形成,體現(xiàn)的了近代國際社會一直致力于尋求建立以規(guī)則為導(dǎo)向的國際貿(mào)易體制,而它的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和廣泛運(yùn)用,也在促進(jìn)著國際貿(mào)易爭端解決機(jī)制的發(fā)展和完善。本文以非違法之訴的歷史淵源和實(shí)際運(yùn)用為切入點(diǎn),對這一特殊的爭端解決手段進(jìn)行考量。 本文第一部分是對非違法之訴的歷史淵源考量。根據(jù)非違法之訴發(fā)展歷史的階段性特征,文中從五個(gè)方面闡述了非違法之訴的歷史淵源：一是,非違法之訴的雛形——國聯(lián)時(shí)代的“衡平待遇條款”,該條款適用于締約方所采取的措施并沒有違反條約規(guī)定的情形,并且該條款提出了對條約目標(biāo)“喪失或減損”的概念；二是,20世紀(jì)30-40年代雙邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定中出現(xiàn)的“非違法之訴”條款,其中的規(guī)定已經(jīng)與之后的非違法之訴非常類似；三是,國際貿(mào)易組織憲章草案中擬定的非違法之訴條款,草案中的相關(guān)文本表述臻于成熟并且獲得了各國代表的認(rèn)可；四是,GATT1947中的非違法之訴條款,GATT1947第23條第1款(b)項(xiàng)對非違法之訴的文本規(guī)定沿用至今,非違法之訴在GATT時(shí)代開始真正的被運(yùn)用到實(shí)務(wù)中；五是,WTO體系中的非違法之訴,非違法之訴開始有了具體的程序規(guī)則,其適用領(lǐng)域也從貨物領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)大到WTO相關(guān)的其他貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域。 本文第二部分結(jié)合案例闡述了非違法之訴的構(gòu)成要件以及在實(shí)務(wù)中的運(yùn)用。由于GATT第23條第1款(b)項(xiàng)的條文表述中,并沒有對其非違法之訴的構(gòu)成要件進(jìn)行明確具體的闡述和說明,在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,非違法之訴的構(gòu)成要件借助相關(guān)案例中成員方的適用以及專家組的解讀逐漸明確。本文在立足于非違法之訴構(gòu)成要件文本涵義的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合相關(guān)案例的專家組報(bào)告,具體分析了非違法之訴的三個(gè)構(gòu)成要件：1、一方實(shí)施不違反協(xié)定的措施；2、申訴方依據(jù)協(xié)議享有直接或間接的利益；3、申訴方的利益因上述措施遭受喪失或減損。 本文第三部分闡述了非違法之訴的程序規(guī)則。WTO之前,非違法之訴一直沒有具體的程序規(guī)則。關(guān)于非違法之訴程序規(guī)則的系統(tǒng)規(guī)定,是出現(xiàn)在烏拉圭回合談判成果之一的《關(guān)于爭端解決規(guī)則及程序的諒解》(DSU)之中。本文結(jié)合DSU第26條第1款規(guī)定,具體分析了非違法之訴的舉證責(zé)任以及法律后果。實(shí)務(wù)運(yùn)用中,違法之訴與非違法之訴在少數(shù)情況下會同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一爭端案例中。本文結(jié)合1991年歐共體油菜籽案,分析當(dāng)非違法之訴與違法之訴出現(xiàn)在同一案件中的審理順序問題。 本文第四部分著重于非違法之訴擴(kuò)大適用的實(shí)踐問題。在WTO體制下,非違法之訴的適用開始從傳統(tǒng)的貨物貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)展到WTO相關(guān)的其他貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域。由于非違法之訴長久以來集中適用于貨物貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域,其在WTO框架內(nèi)其它領(lǐng)域的適用還需要一個(gè)長期的探索和磨合階段。本文選取非違法之訴在服務(wù)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域以及與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)領(lǐng)域中存在的適用爭議展開探討。
[Abstract]:Non illegal action is an important component of the WTO/GATT dispute settlement mechanism. It is one of the effective mechanisms to maintain the results of bilateral or multilateral trade negotiations under the framework of GATT/WTO. The non illegal action is conceived in the early international alliance period, through the exploration of the period of GATT and the perfection of the period of WTO. The international community has been committed to the establishment of a rule oriented international trade system, and its further development and extensive use also promote the development and improvement of the settlement mechanism of international trade disputes. This article takes the historical origin and practical application of non illegal action as the breakthrough point to consider the special means of settlement of the dispute.
The first part of this article is the historical origin of non illegal action. According to the stage characteristics of the development history of non illegal action, the historical origin of non illegal action is expounded from five aspects: first, the embryonic form of non illegal action, the "equitable treatment clause" in the era of National Federation, is applicable to the measures taken by the parties. There is no violation of the provisions of the treaty and the provision of the concept of "loss or derogation" of the target of the treaty; two is the "non illegal action" clause in the bilateral trade agreement of the twentieth Century 30-40, which has been very similar to the subsequent non illegal action; three is the draft of the draft charter of the international trade organization. In the non illegal clause, the text in the draft is expressed as mature and recognized by the representatives of various countries; four, the non illegal clause in GATT1947, the text of the twenty-third article first (b) of the twenty-third article of the non illegal action has been used to the present, and the non illegal action has been truly applied to the practice in the era of GATT; five It is, the non illegal action in the WTO system, the non illegal action began to have specific procedural rules, and its application fields have also been expanded from the field of goods to other trade areas related to WTO.
The second part of this paper expounds the elements of non illegal action and its application in practice. Because of the provisions in the provisions of item twenty-third of GATT and first (b), there is no clear and detailed description and explanation of the constitutive requirements of the non illegal action. In the actual application, the elements of non illegal action are used in the relevant cases. The application of the members and the interpretation of the expert group are gradually clear. On the basis of the text meaning of the constitutive requirements of non illegal action, this paper analyzes the three components of the non illegal action on the basis of the report of the expert group of relevant cases: 1, the one party does not violate the agreement; and 2, the complainant enjoys direct or inter agreement according to the agreement. 3, the interests of the complainants are lost or deroged from the above measures.
The third part of this paper states that before the procedural rules of non illegal proceedings.WTO, the non illegal action has no specific procedural rules. The systematic provisions on the rules of non illegal proceedings are in the understanding of the rules and procedures for settlement of disputes (DSU), which appeared in one of the results of the Uruguay round negotiation. This article is combined with the twenty-sixth article of DSU first. The article analyzes the burden of proof and the legal consequences of non illegal action. In practical application, illegal and non illegal action will appear in the same case at the same time in a few cases. This article analyzes the order of the 1991 European Community rapeseed in the same case when the non illegal and illegal actions appear in the same case. Problem.
The fourth part of this article focuses on the practical problem of expanding the application of non illegal action. Under the WTO system, the application of non illegal action begins to expand from the traditional field of goods trade to other trade areas related to WTO. Because non illegal action has long been applied in the field of goods trade, its application in other fields in the WTO framework is still necessary. For a long period of exploration and development, this paper discusses the applicable disputes in the field of trade in services and the field of trade related intellectual property rights.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1

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