本文選題：自然人流動(dòng) + 自由化　； 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：自然人流動(dòng)是GATS框架的第四種服務(wù)貿(mào)易方式，烏拉圭回合貿(mào)易談判最終確立了其國際法規(guī)則，該規(guī)則的開放性設(shè)計(jì)在最大限度上取得成員國諒解的同時(shí)，也帶來了許多問題。自然人流動(dòng)規(guī)則創(chuàng)設(shè)至今，其自由化水平仍然很低，其主要制約因素是自然人流動(dòng)的制度缺陷、成員國間的貿(mào)易壁壘和成員國國內(nèi)的政策障礙。 隨著全球一體化進(jìn)程，自然人流動(dòng)自由化蘊(yùn)含的巨大潛在利益已為許多國家所認(rèn)同，但從GATS談判來看，其自由化進(jìn)程仍舉步維艱，發(fā)達(dá)國家在市場準(zhǔn)入和國民待遇問題上普遍持保守態(tài)度，發(fā)展中國家也未能提出足以吸引發(fā)達(dá)國家妥協(xié)的談判籌碼，目前態(tài)勢下，GATS框架內(nèi)的談判短期內(nèi)不太可能出現(xiàn)樂觀景象。在GATS框架之外，東盟、亞太經(jīng)合組織等區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)組織在各自框架內(nèi)對(duì)自然人流動(dòng)問題積極探索并達(dá)成了一些自由化成果；國際勞工組織、國際移民組織等國際組織在國際勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和國際研討會(huì)議方面對(duì)自然人流動(dòng)自由化做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)；國家間也通過更加靈活的雙邊協(xié)定方式對(duì)自然人流動(dòng)自由化積極推進(jìn)。這些探索為推動(dòng)自然人流動(dòng)自由化提供了一條更現(xiàn)實(shí)的進(jìn)路。 我國的自然人輸出以勞務(wù)外派為主要方式，，輸出人員多是低技術(shù)水平服務(wù)提供者，集中在勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)；自然人輸入則以高技術(shù)水平服務(wù)提供者為主，但整體規(guī)模較小。我國自然人流動(dòng)自由化的主要制約因素為自然人流動(dòng)的立法缺失、相關(guān)制度不完善和嚴(yán)格的貿(mào)易壁壘。推動(dòng)我國自然人流動(dòng)自由化的路徑是：在國際層面，積極參與GATS談判、與區(qū)域貿(mào)易組織積極合作、與其他國家積極開展雙邊合作；在國內(nèi)法層面，完善自然人流動(dòng)立法機(jī)制、優(yōu)化自然人流動(dòng)管理機(jī)制、消除自然人流動(dòng)壁壘。這兩方面的積極措施可以促進(jìn)我國自然人流動(dòng)自由化的深入發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The movement of natural persons is the fourth mode of trade in services in the framework of GATS. The Uruguay Round of trade negotiations has finally established its rules of international law.Up to now, the liberalization level of the rules of movement of natural persons is still very low. The main restrictive factors are the defects of the system of the movement of natural persons, the trade barriers among member countries and the domestic policy obstacles of member countries.With the process of global integration, the huge potential benefits of the liberalization of the movement of natural persons have been recognized by many countries, but from the perspective of GATS negotiations, the liberalization process is still difficult.The developed countries generally hold a conservative attitude on the issues of market access and national treatment, and the developing countries have failed to offer sufficient bargaining chips to attract the developed countries to compromise. Under the current situation, the negotiations within the framework of GATS are unlikely to be optimistic in the short term.Outside the GATS framework, regional economic organizations such as ASEAN and APEC have actively explored and achieved some liberalization results on the issue of the movement of natural persons within their respective frameworks.International organizations such as the International Organization for Migration (IOM) have made important contributions to the liberalization of the movement of natural persons in the field of international labour standards and international conferences, and the liberalization of the movement of natural persons has been actively promoted by means of more flexible bilateral agreements between countries.These explorations provide a more realistic way to liberalize the movement of natural persons.The export of natural persons in our country is mainly in the form of labor service assignment, and the export personnel are mostly low-skilled service providers, concentrated in labor-intensive industries, while the natural person imports are mainly high-tech service providers, but the overall scale is relatively small.The main restrictive factors of the liberalization of the movement of natural persons in China are the lack of legislation on the movement of natural persons, the imperfection of relevant systems and the strict trade barriers.The ways to promote the liberalization of the movement of natural persons in China are: at the international level, actively participate in the GATS negotiations, actively cooperate with the regional trade organizations, and actively carry out bilateral cooperation with other countries; at the level of domestic law, perfect the legislative mechanism of the movement of natural persons.Optimize the management mechanism of the movement of natural persons and eliminate barriers to the movement of natural persons.These two positive measures can promote the further development of the liberalization of the movement of natural persons in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D998.2

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