本文選題：氣候變化 + 氣候治理��； 參考：《遼寧大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球氣候變化是國際社會所共同面臨且急需應對的重要問題之一。近現代以來,溫室氣體的大量排放導致全球氣溫不斷上升,世界各地干旱和強降水等極端天氣頻繁出現,嚴重危及了人類社會的發(fā)展。全球氣候的變化不僅僅是自然因素導致的環(huán)境問題,更是人類在工業(yè)化過程的活動導致的結果。為應對氣候變化問題,各國經過長時間的談判和協商,通過簽署國際環(huán)境公約來建立起全球氣候治理機制,進而協調各國的氣候減緩行動,合理分配減排國際義務。各國為了應對氣候變化這個日益嚴峻的問題,達成《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》,其中初步設立了全球氣候治理機制,并且逐步完善與發(fā)展被國際社會所普遍接受和認可的全球氣候治理機制�！毒┒甲h定書》確立了對于發(fā)達國家有約束性減排目標的自上而下的全球氣候治理機制,但是已經不能夠完全滿足全球氣候治理方式轉換的要求。各國最終在《巴黎協定》中達成氣候問題的一致共識,全新的全球氣候治理機制最終得以構建。當下,全球氣候治理機制在《京都議定書》第二期減排承諾之后面臨著重要的改革和轉換。新機制的設立和完善是世界各國為應對日益惡化的全球氣候環(huán)境亟待需求的�！栋屠鑵f定》的全球氣候治理機制中,各締約方原則上依舊堅持共同但有區(qū)別的責任原則,但同時也將氣候減緩義務的主體擴大到所有的締約方。在具體機制上,規(guī)定了具體的制度來確保各國履行氣候義務,采用國家自主貢獻的自下而上的氣候治理模式,不再強制性劃定減排指標。在監(jiān)督機制上,確立了全球盤點和減緩行動通報制度。此外,協定還加強化了氣候治理的資金和技術支持制度�！栋屠鑵f定》全球氣候治理機制仍然有待各國在進一步談判和協商中完善。首先,國家自主貢獻仍有不確定的因素。各國自主申報減排指標的全球氣候減排機制缺乏一定程度上缺乏必要的約束力。其次,資金和技術支持機制仍待細化。最后,具體的機制特別是損失損害條款需要繼續(xù)完善。中國及時把握全球氣候治理機制轉型的機遇,并且努力參與到全球氣候治理的國際行動中去。未來中國應在國內設立和完善減緩制度實現國家自主貢獻,健全資金和技術制度支持,同時在國際上推動設立遵約機制。中國應與世界各國共同建立和完善全球氣候治理機制,為全球氣候減緩做出自己的貢獻,推動建立“公平、有效、共贏”的全球氣候體制。
[Abstract]:Global climate change is one of the most important issues facing the international community.Since modern times, a large number of greenhouse gas emissions have led to a rising global temperature, drought and heavy precipitation in various parts of the world such as extreme weather frequently appear, seriously endangering the development of human society.Global climate change is not only an environmental problem caused by natural factors, but also a result of human activities in the process of industrialization.In order to deal with the problem of climate change, after a long period of negotiation and consultation, countries establish a global climate governance mechanism by signing international environmental conventions, and then coordinate climate mitigation actions and rationally allocate international obligations to reduce emissions.In order to address the growing problem of climate change, countries reached the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, which initially established a global climate governance mechanism,And gradually improve and develop the global climate governance mechanism that is generally accepted and recognized by the international community. The Kyoto Protocol establishes a top-down global climate governance mechanism with binding emission reduction targets for developed countries.However, it can not fully meet the requirements of the transformation of global climate governance.Countries finally reached a consensus on climate issues in the Paris Accords, and a new global climate governance mechanism was finally built.At present, the global climate governance mechanism is facing important reform and transformation after the second phase of the Kyoto Protocol emission reduction commitments.The establishment and improvement of the new mechanism is urgently needed by the countries of the world to cope with the deteriorating global climate environment. In the global climate governance regime of the Paris Agreement, the parties continue to adhere in principle to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities,But it also extends the main body of climate mitigation obligations to all parties.In specific mechanisms, specific systems are provided to ensure that countries fulfil their climate obligations, adopt a bottom-up model of climate governance with national ownership, and no longer impose mandatory emission reduction targets.In the oversight mechanism, the global inventory and mitigation action notification system has been established.In addition, the agreement also strengthened the financial and technical support system for climate governance. The Paris Accord global climate governance regime remains to be refined by countries in further negotiations and consultations.First, there is still uncertainty about national ownership.There is a lack of necessary binding force in the global climate reduction mechanism, which each country reports its own emission reduction targets.Second, the financial and technical support mechanism is still to be refined.Finally, the specific mechanism, especially the loss damage clause needs to continue to improve.China grasps the opportunity of the transformation of the global climate governance mechanism, and tries to participate in the international action of global climate governance.In the future, China should set up and perfect the mitigation system in China to realize the independent contribution of the country, perfect the financial and technical system support, and promote the establishment of compliance mechanism in the international community.China should work with other countries to establish and improve the global climate governance mechanism, make its own contribution to global climate mitigation, and promote the establishment of a "fair, effective, win-win" global climate system.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D996.9;P467

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