本文選題：船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：勞務(wù)關(guān)系　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略的不斷推進(jìn)以及我國(guó)正式批準(zhǔn)加入《2006年海事勞工公約》,這對(duì)我國(guó)海上貿(mào)易的發(fā)展提出了更高的要求,船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)作為其中重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),必須順應(yīng)國(guó)家政策和時(shí)代的發(fā)展變化。但是目前我國(guó)船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)制度還存在著諸多問(wèn)題,不能滿(mǎn)足我國(guó)海上貿(mào)易發(fā)展的需要,這些問(wèn)題主要表現(xiàn)為:第一、相關(guān)法律的龐雜無(wú)序,法律位階低,且相互之間存在沖突,對(duì)船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)的性質(zhì)沒(méi)有明確的規(guī)定,國(guó)內(nèi)立法的某些方面與國(guó)際立法相矛盾;第二、司法實(shí)踐中同案不同判現(xiàn)象屢見(jiàn)不鮮,對(duì)相同的法律問(wèn)題存在不同的判決標(biāo)準(zhǔn),一些概念的內(nèi)涵和外延不一致;第三、監(jiān)管乏力。具體表現(xiàn)為:在監(jiān)管職責(zé)上,眾多監(jiān)管部門(mén)之間,監(jiān)管職權(quán)劃分不清,導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)爭(zhēng)搶監(jiān)管權(quán)和放棄監(jiān)管權(quán)的極端現(xiàn)象;在監(jiān)管環(huán)節(jié)上,缺乏有效的事中和事后監(jiān)管;在處罰結(jié)果上,對(duì)船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)的處罰力度不夠;第四、船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)行業(yè)自身缺乏有效的自律,混業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)、掛靠經(jīng)營(yíng)、出租出借資質(zhì)現(xiàn)象多發(fā),行業(yè)內(nèi)不良競(jìng)爭(zhēng)嚴(yán)重。本文采取比較研究法和案例分析法,對(duì)我國(guó)船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了深入分析。通過(guò)對(duì)比外國(guó)法和國(guó)際條約有關(guān)規(guī)定,為我國(guó)船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)的未來(lái)發(fā)展指明方向。本文共四個(gè)部分:第一部分介紹了船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)的基本概念、船員外派中的主體、主體之間的法律關(guān)系以及筆者觀點(diǎn)。第二部分分別從立法、司法、行政監(jiān)管、行業(yè)內(nèi)部四個(gè)方面展示了我國(guó)船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)存在的現(xiàn)狀,也即闡述了我國(guó)船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)的實(shí)然狀態(tài)。第三部分筆者介紹了韓國(guó)、菲律賓以及《2006年海事勞工公約》的相關(guān)規(guī)定,展現(xiàn)我國(guó)船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)的應(yīng)然狀態(tài)。第四部分,通過(guò)實(shí)然和應(yīng)然的對(duì)比,表明我國(guó)船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)制度存在的一些列問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而為其進(jìn)一步發(fā)展提出合理化的建議,其中既有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)性的對(duì)策也有臨時(shí)性的方案。旨在完善我國(guó)船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)制度,逐步引導(dǎo)船員外派機(jī)構(gòu)向著居間人的法律性質(zhì)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the continuous promotion of the strategy of ocean power and China's formal ratification of the Maritime Labour Convention of 2006, this puts forward higher requirements for the development of maritime trade in China, in which the crew assignment organization is an important link.Must conform to the development of national policies and times.However, at present, there are still many problems in the system of crew assignment organization in China, which can not meet the needs of the development of China's maritime trade. These problems are mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, the related laws are complex and disorderly, and the legal rank is low.And there are conflicts between each other, there are no clear provisions on the nature of the crew assignment agencies, and some aspects of domestic legislation are inconsistent with international legislation; second, the phenomenon of different judgments in the same cases is common in judicial practice.There are different judgment standards for the same legal problems, and some concepts have different connotations and denotations. Thirdly, supervision is weak.The specific manifestations are as follows: in the supervisory duty, the supervision authority is not clearly divided among many regulatory departments, which leads to the extreme phenomenon of scrambling for the supervision right and giving up the supervision right, the lack of effective supervision in the supervision link, and the lack of effective supervision after the event;In the punishment result, the punishment to the crew assignment organization is not enough; fourth, the crew assignment organization itself lacks the effective self-discipline, the mixed business management, the link management, the leasing and lending qualification phenomenon frequently, the profession bad competition is serious.In this paper, the comparative research method and case analysis are used to analyze the problems existing in China's crew assignment agencies.By comparing the relevant provisions of foreign laws and international treaties, this paper points out the direction for the future development of China's crew assignment agencies.There are four parts in this paper: the first part introduces the basic concept of the crew assignment organization, the subject in the crew assignment, the legal relationship between the subjects and the author's viewpoint.The second part respectively from the legislation, the judiciary, the administrative supervision, the profession internal four aspects has demonstrated our country crew assignment organization existence present situation, also elaborated our country crew assignment organization actual situation.In the third part, the author introduces the relevant provisions of Korea, the Philippines and the Maritime Labour Convention of 2006, showing the status of the Chinese crew assignment agencies.In the fourth part, through the comparison between actual and ought to be, it shows that there are some problems in the system of crew assignment organization in our country, and then puts forward some reasonable suggestions for its further development, among which there are both long-term countermeasures and temporary schemes.The purpose of this paper is to perfect the system of crew assignment organizations in China and to guide them to develop to the legal nature of mediators.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D997

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