本文選題：海洋法公約　切入點：海洋權(quán)益　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：聯(lián)合國第三次海洋法會議通過、1994年11月16日開始生效的《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》,是調(diào)整、確立國際海洋的根本法律依據(jù)。它為沿海各國,特別是廣大發(fā)展中國家維護(hù)國家安全和海洋權(quán)益提供了法律依據(jù),也相應(yīng)地擴(kuò)大了國家主權(quán)。中國1996年批準(zhǔn)了這一公約并根據(jù)這一公約制訂了本國一系列海洋法律,確立了自己的專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)及其它海洋權(quán)利。然而,由于中國長期傳統(tǒng)的國土觀念以及海洋意識的缺失,造成了中國現(xiàn)今海洋權(quán)益日益受侵蝕的不利局面。在全球化的今天,隨著中國的不斷發(fā)展,中國的海外權(quán)益也不斷地延伸,中國的海洋權(quán)益面臨著巨大挑戰(zhàn)。中國的海洋權(quán)益包括近海海洋權(quán)益和遠(yuǎn)洋海洋權(quán)益。近海海洋權(quán)益不僅受到中國周邊國家的侵犯,也長久地受到域外霸權(quán)國家美國的不斷挑釁。在遠(yuǎn)洋海洋權(quán)益的維護(hù)方面,中國一方面受困于海軍力量的弱小,另一方面更受到海洋強(qiáng)國特別是美國的遏阻。在此種情況下,中國的海權(quán)維護(hù)可謂是任重而道遠(yuǎn)。中國必須以國際法為依據(jù),堅持自己的海洋權(quán)益訴求,并應(yīng)采取切實有力的措施加以維護(hù),這是中國正當(dāng)、合理的行為,同時應(yīng)在國際法的基礎(chǔ)上,同有關(guān)國家妥善解決海權(quán)糾紛,實現(xiàn)"和諧海洋"。這是中國和平發(fā)展的應(yīng)有之意,也是中華民族偉大復(fù)興的有益途徑。 然而,當(dāng)今的現(xiàn)實世界中,國際社會雖有共同的國際規(guī)范和共同的運行機(jī)制,在一定程度上也可能就某些問題達(dá)成一致而實現(xiàn)某種程度上的國家間的和諧相處;但更多的現(xiàn)實情況是,由于國際規(guī)范如《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》在其制定過程中就是西方大國和廣大落后弱小國家間的斗爭和妥協(xié)的過程,從而使海洋法公約具有相當(dāng)大的局限性;也由于現(xiàn)實世界中,各國國家之間確實存在著國家利益的沖突,僅僅依靠國際法去維護(hù)我國的海洋權(quán)益顯然是不現(xiàn)實的,必須有強(qiáng)大的海軍做后盾,我國的海洋權(quán)益才能得到保障。 本文除引言和結(jié)語外,共分以下五個部分: 第一部分:我國海洋權(quán)益的內(nèi)容及目前的維護(hù)措施。該部分首先概述了我國歷史上長期對海洋權(quán)益意識缺失的基本成因,進(jìn)而闡述了基于國際海洋法我國享有的近海海洋權(quán)益以及目前我國的近海海洋權(quán)益現(xiàn)狀;其次,該部分概述了基于國際海洋法的我國的遠(yuǎn)洋海洋權(quán)益,以及我國國家海外利益的不斷延伸和目前維護(hù)這些利益的困境,我國為維護(hù)我國的海洋權(quán)益所應(yīng)采取的措施。 第二部分:《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》的形成與中國的海洋主權(quán)。首先,該部分詳細(xì)論述了《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》的形成、發(fā)展歷程,從哥老休斯的海洋觀到20世紀(jì)發(fā)展中國家為維護(hù)國家安全而展開的"200海里海洋權(quán)"斗爭,再到聯(lián)合國海洋法會議的召開以及《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》的最終通過及意義。其次,該部分論述了根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》的有關(guān)規(guī)定,我國為維護(hù)我國的海洋權(quán)益所采取的法律措施以及我國海洋權(quán)益的界定、我國由于長期海洋意識的缺失所導(dǎo)致的海洋權(quán)益困境。 第三部分:我國近海海洋權(quán)益的現(xiàn)狀與挑戰(zhàn)。該部分首先分析了我國與周邊國家如日本、韓國、東南亞所存在的海上糾紛以及糾紛的歷史成因,其次,列舉了我國與美國在中國近海的海上沖突以及中美沖突的三個典型事例。 第四部分:我國維護(hù)海洋權(quán)益的國際法依據(jù)。該部分首先分析了我國與周邊國家海上糾紛中,我國對爭議海域的海權(quán)主張的國際法依據(jù),從而論證了我國對爭議海域擁有不可爭辯的主權(quán);其次,分析了對于中美海上沖突,我國對美國侵犯我國海洋主權(quán)所采取的反制行為是合法的、正當(dāng)行為,美國的辯駁完全是站不住腳的、一種赤裸裸的霸權(quán)行徑。 第五部分:我國遠(yuǎn)洋海洋權(quán)益訴求的國際法法律依據(jù)。該部分首先分析了我國海外利益的現(xiàn)狀,強(qiáng)調(diào)了我國維護(hù)這一利益的緊迫性。其次,通過對《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》的有關(guān)法律分析,闡述了我國進(jìn)行海外維權(quán)的必要性和可行性以及其重大意義。
[Abstract]:The Third United Nations Conference on the law of the sea, and came into effect in November 16, 1994 "United Nations Convention on the law of the sea", is to adjust, establish the basic legal basis of international marine. It is the coastal countries, especially developing countries to safeguard national security and maritime rights provide a legal basis, also expanded its national sovereignty. Chinese was approved in 1996 this Convention and on the basis of this Convention has developed a series of domestic marine law, established its own exclusive economic zone and other maritime rights. However, due to the long tradition of China land concept and the lack of marine consciousness, caused by Chinese nowadays marine rights increasingly unfavorable situation of erosion. In the era of globalization, with the continuous the development of Chinese, Chinese overseas interests are constantly extended, China marine rights and interests is facing a huge challenge. China marine rights and interests, including the coastal sea right Yi and ocean marine interests. Offshore marine interests not only a violation of Chinese neighboring countries, has long been the continuous provocation in the United States. In the country outside the hegemony of ocean marine rights maintenance, Chinese hand trapped in naval power of the weak, on the other hand, by sea power especially in the United States in the deterrent. Next, China sea power maintenance is go15. Chinese must be based on international law, adhere to the marine rights claims, and shall take effective measures to safeguard, it is reasonable for Chinese legitimate, should also be based on international law and the relevant countries to properly resolve disputes to the sea right, the realization of "harmonious ocean". This is China peaceful development should have meaning, is also a useful way to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
However, in the real world, the international community is a common international standard and common operation mechanism, but also may be some consensus and achieve harmony to some extent between countries to a certain extent; but the reality is more, due to the international norms such as "the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea. In the development process is the process of the Western powers and the backward weak countries between struggle and compromise, so that the Convention on the law of the sea has considerable limitations; but also because of the real world, the national conflict exists between the interests of the state, only rely on international law to safeguard China's maritime rights and interests is obviously not realistic, there must be a strong backing of the Navy, China's marine rights and interests can be guaranteed.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into the following five parts:
The first part: China's maritime rights and interests of the content and maintenance measures at present. The first part provides an overview of the history of our country's long-term basic causes of the lack of awareness of maritime rights and interests, and expounds the international law of the sea in China enjoy the offshore marine interests as well as the current status of China's offshore marine interests based on; secondly, this part summarizes the ocean marine rights and interests of our country based on international law of the sea, as well as overseas interests in our country continue to extend and maintain the interests of the present predicament, our country should be taken to safeguard China's maritime rights and interests.
The second part: "the formation of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" and Chinese maritime sovereignty. Firstly, this part discusses the "form, the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" development course, from the old brother Hughes of ocean view to developing countries in twentieth Century and for the maintenance of national security "200 miles right of the sea" fight again through to the final and significance of UNCLOS held the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea and < >. Secondly, this part discusses according to the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea ", the definition of our country has taken to safeguard China's maritime rights and interests of the legal measures and China's maritime rights and interests, China because the marine rights dilemma long ocean awareness of missing caused.
The third part: the present situation and challenges of China's offshore marine interests. This part first analyzes China and neighboring countries such as Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, historical origin, the existence of maritime disputes and disputes. Secondly, the analysis of China and the United States in the three typical examples of maritime conflict China offshore and conflict between China and the United States.
The fourth part: China's international law basis for the maintenance of maritime rights and interests. The first part of the maritime dispute between China and neighboring countries, China's international law on the basis of the disputed waters of maritime claims, which proves that China has indisputable sovereignty over the disputed waters; secondly, analyzes the Sino US Maritime conflict in our country, is legal, to counter the American invasion of China Marine sovereignty taken proper behavior, the dispute is completely untenable, a naked hegemony.
The fifth part: ocean marine interests in China's international law basis. The first part analyzes the current situation of China's overseas interests, emphasizes the urgency of safeguarding China's interests. Secondly, through the relevant laws on "the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" analysis, expounds the necessity and feasibility of overseas rights as well as its significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D993.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張連蓮;海權(quán)視角下中國海洋法律制度完善對策研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：1716148