本文選題：應對氣候變化　切入點：權利義務　出處：《中國政法大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：氣候變化問題已成為人類社會所面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一,需要國際社會開展廣泛而深入的合作以積極應對。這種國際合作的參與者眾多、利益關系紛繁復雜,因而需要國際法來提供規(guī)則性保障。而國際權利義務配置的公平性對國際法的效力有較大影響。因此本文以權利義務配置的公平性為線索,考察了《氣候變化框架公約》規(guī)則體系的權利義務配置狀況,分析了權利義務配置的變化趨勢,探討了國際權利義務配置的應然狀態(tài)。最后提出了公平配置國際權利義務的可行標準。 首先,本文探討了氣候變化的性質(zhì)、特征以及國際法應對氣候變化的必然性。而后對國際法應對氣候變化的方式進行了分析,認為公平的配置國際權利義務是保證應對氣候變化的目標得以實現(xiàn)的關鍵。 其次,本文分析了《氣候變化框架公約》、《京都議定書》、《巴厘島行動計劃》、《哥本哈根協(xié)議》、《坎昆決議》中國際權利義務配置的實然狀態(tài)。發(fā)現(xiàn)自《巴厘島行動計劃》起,發(fā)展中國家減緩氣候變化的義務越來越大,而這種變化趨勢缺乏公平性。 再次,本文在充分考慮相關因素的前提下對國際權利義務配置的應然狀態(tài)進行了探討。認為在適應氣候變化方面,發(fā)達國家應支付發(fā)展中國家適應氣候變化所需的全部費用。在減緩氣候變化方面,發(fā)達國家應大幅削減自己的溫室氣體排放,為發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進步留出必要的生態(tài)空間;而發(fā)展中國家不應承擔強制性的量化減緩義務。同時注意到,當發(fā)展中國家的溫室氣體排放量與發(fā)達國家趨同時,國際權利義務配置的公平性會隨之變得不確定。 最后,為使國際權利義務配置的公平性穩(wěn)定而明確,本文認為應以人均排放權作為國際權利義務配置的標準,并將發(fā)展中國家和發(fā)達國家的人均累積排放趨同作為權利義務配置的遠景目標。
[Abstract]:Climate change has become one of the biggest challenges facing human society.This kind of international cooperation has a large number of participants and complex interests, so it needs international law to provide regular guarantee.The fairness of the allocation of international rights and obligations has a greater impact on the effectiveness of international law.Therefore, based on the fairness of the allocation of rights and obligations, this paper investigates the allocation of rights and obligations in the rules system of the Framework Convention on Climate change, and analyzes the changing trend of the allocation of rights and obligations.This paper probes into the proper state of the allocation of international rights and obligations.Finally, the author puts forward the feasible standards for the fair distribution of international rights and obligations.Firstly, this paper discusses the nature and characteristics of climate change and the inevitability of international law to deal with climate change.Then, the author analyzes the ways in which international law deals with climate change, and points out that a fair allocation of international rights and obligations is the key to the realization of the goal of combating climate change.Secondly, this paper analyzes the actual status of the allocation of international rights and obligations in the Framework Convention on Climate change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Bali Action Plan, the Copenhagen Accord and the Cancun Resolution.It is found that since the Bali Action Plan, developing countries have an increasing obligation to mitigate climate change, a trend that lacks fairness.Thirdly, this paper discusses the proper state of international rights and obligations allocation on the premise of considering the relevant factors.It is considered that in adapting to climate change, developed countries should pay the full cost of adaptation to climate change in developing countries.With regard to climate change mitigation, developed countries should significantly reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, leaving the necessary ecological space for the economic development and social progress of developing countries; developing countries should not assume mandatory quantitative mitigation obligations.It is also noted that the fairness of the allocation of international rights and obligations becomes uncertain when the greenhouse gas emissions of developing countries and developed countries tend to be at the same time.Finally, in order to make the fairness of the allocation of international rights and obligations stable and clear, this paper holds that the per capita emission rights should be regarded as the standard of allocation of international rights and obligations.Moreover, the convergence of per capita cumulative emissions between developing and developed countries is the long-term goal of allocation of rights and obligations.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.9

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