本文選題：海事安全　切入點(diǎn)：國際海事安全條約　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：海事安全不僅構(gòu)成國家安全的重要組成部分,而且也成為全球公共安全治理的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域之一。近百年來,國際社會(huì)經(jīng)過不懈努力和追求,構(gòu)建了較為完善的國際海事安全法律規(guī)范體系,形成了以SOLAS公約、MARPOL公約、STCW公約等為“龍頭”的并行的分公約體系和極地國際海事規(guī)則,各國也基于船旗國、沿岸國、港口國的管轄權(quán)制訂和實(shí)施了保障本國海事安全的法律制度。但現(xiàn)實(shí)情況表明,減少或消除海事安全面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)仍是一項(xiàng)長期的迫切任務(wù)。頻繁發(fā)生的海事安全事件或事故,固然有其國際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等原因,但與國際海事安全法律制度不完善以及不嚴(yán)格遵守或執(zhí)行國際海事安全法律制度緊密相關(guān)。故此,文章分為三大部分。第一部分在界定“海事”、“海事安全”、“國際海事安全”等概念基礎(chǔ)上,梳理與海事安全相關(guān)的國際習(xí)慣(法)、國際條約和發(fā)達(dá)國家(聯(lián)盟)國內(nèi)法,探討海事安全國際習(xí)慣(法)的現(xiàn)代意蘊(yùn)、國際海事安全條約體系的構(gòu)成內(nèi)容以及發(fā)達(dá)國家(聯(lián)盟)海事安全法律制度的關(guān)注重點(diǎn)。第二部分分析國際海事安全法律制度存在的不足,將其歸結(jié)為五個(gè)方面,即創(chuàng)制主體“三軌并存”、法律適用存在沖突、過于倚重“高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一低事故”技術(shù)性邏輯、專門性國際海事規(guī)則仍存不足和監(jiān)管者缺少被監(jiān)管機(jī)制,并提出如下完善建議：規(guī)制對象應(yīng)集中在對船舶及其航行的管控能力、規(guī)制內(nèi)容應(yīng)著眼于“人的因素”、注重國際海事安全法律規(guī)范的彼此銜接和推進(jìn)各國海事安全法律制度的統(tǒng)一。第三部分將研究視角回歸我國,總結(jié)我國海事安全法律制度的現(xiàn)狀與不足,分析我國海事安全面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及我國對海事安全法律制度的時(shí)代訴求,提出完善我國海事安全法律制度的建議,即借鑒國際社會(huì)的相關(guān)做法、明確海事安全命規(guī)則的制定主體、合并與整合海事安全規(guī)章、完善海事安全法律制度快速修改機(jī)制和填補(bǔ)現(xiàn)行海事安全法律制度的迫切性缺口。
[Abstract]:Maritime security not only constitutes an important part of national security, but also becomes one of the key areas of global public safety governance.In the past hundred years, the international community, through unremitting efforts and pursuit, has constructed a relatively perfect legal and normative system for international maritime security.A parallel sub-convention system and polar international maritime rules, such as the SOLAS Convention and the MARPOL Convention and so on, have been formed. States are also based on flag States, coastal States, etc.The jurisdiction of the port State establishes and implements a legal regime to ensure its maritime security.But the reality shows that reducing or eliminating the risk of maritime safety is still a long-term urgent task.The frequent maritime safety incidents or accidents have their international political, economic and cultural reasons, but they are closely related to the imperfection of the international maritime safety legal system and the imperfection of observing or enforcing the international maritime safety legal system.Therefore, the article is divided into three parts.The first part, on the basis of defining the concepts of "maritime", "maritime security" and "international maritime security", sorts out the international customs (law, international treaties and the domestic law of developed countries (unions) related to maritime security).This paper discusses the modern meaning of maritime security international custom (law), the constitution of international maritime security treaty system and the focus of the developed countries (union) maritime security legal system.The second part analyzes the shortcomings of the international maritime safety legal system, and puts it down to five aspects: the creation of the main body "three tracks coexist", the conflict of legal application, and too much emphasis on the technical logic of "high standard and low accident".The specialized international maritime regulations are still insufficient and the regulators lack the regulated mechanism. The following suggestions are put forward: the object of regulation should be focused on the control ability of ships and their navigation, and the content of regulation should be focused on the "human factor".Pay attention to the connection of international maritime security laws and regulations and promote the unification of maritime security legal systems of various countries.The third part will return the research angle of view to our country, summarize our country maritime safety law system present situation and the insufficiency, analyze our country maritime safety to face the risk and our country to the maritime safety legal system time appeal.Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the maritime safety legal system of our country, that is, to draw lessons from the relevant practices of the international community, to make clear the main body of making maritime safety life rules, to merge and integrate maritime safety rules and regulations.Improve the mechanism of maritime safety law system and fill the urgent gap of current maritime safety law system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5
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本文編號(hào)：1706863