本文選題：出口補(bǔ)貼　切入點(diǎn)：禁止性補(bǔ)貼　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：在WTO法律制度下,與對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)補(bǔ)貼的“寬容”態(tài)度不同,出口補(bǔ)貼從一開(kāi)始就受到各締約方政府的限制或禁止,在《SCM協(xié)定》第三條更是直接將出口補(bǔ)貼放入了禁止性補(bǔ)貼的范疇。這種態(tài)度上的明顯差異不僅僅是因?yàn)槌隹谘a(bǔ)貼使出口產(chǎn)品獲得了一種在通常國(guó)際貿(mào)易環(huán)境下無(wú)法獲得的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),更重要的是這種本不應(yīng)獲得的優(yōu)勢(shì)直接導(dǎo)致了不公平貿(mào)易,損害了進(jìn)口方利益,是對(duì)自由貿(mào)易體制的扭曲。由于出口補(bǔ)貼在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的消極作用,各締約方在加大對(duì)出口補(bǔ)貼國(guó)際規(guī)制的同時(shí),又紛紛制定反補(bǔ)貼法以抵消外國(guó)出口補(bǔ)貼對(duì)其國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)造成的不利影響。但是,這種國(guó)內(nèi)反補(bǔ)貼法又常常演變?yōu)槭聦?shí)上的非關(guān)稅壁壘,從而更加阻礙國(guó)際貿(mào)易的正常發(fā)展,并對(duì)世界自由貿(mào)易體制構(gòu)成威脅。 正是基于此,世界貿(mào)易組織在其前身GATT成立之初就有關(guān)于出口補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼問(wèn)題的規(guī)定(GATT1947年第六條、第十六條),而且,這種對(duì)補(bǔ)貼規(guī)制的努力一直延續(xù)至今。在WTO制度框架下,許多制度如GATT、《補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼措施協(xié)定》、《農(nóng)產(chǎn)品協(xié)議》、《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》和《政府采購(gòu)協(xié)議》等都有關(guān)于補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼規(guī)制的規(guī)定,但其中最全面也最重要的協(xié)議就是《補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼措施協(xié)定》。該協(xié)議是WTO各成員方在烏拉圭回合談判中經(jīng)過(guò)激烈爭(zhēng)論而取得的重大成果,該協(xié)議對(duì)補(bǔ)貼、出口補(bǔ)貼的定義更加明確,對(duì)出口補(bǔ)貼給予了更嚴(yán)厲的禁止；同時(shí),規(guī)范了反補(bǔ)貼措施,在一定程度上防止了反補(bǔ)貼措施的濫用,使得WTO成立后有關(guān)補(bǔ)貼的案件大為減少,可以說(shuō)該協(xié)定是整個(gè)WTO補(bǔ)貼制度的核心。所以,本文對(duì)WTO規(guī)制下的出口補(bǔ)貼的研究,也主要圍繞著該協(xié)定展開(kāi)。 本文除了引言和結(jié)論之外,共分為四章： 第一章：本部分主要從歷史的角度對(duì)WTO有關(guān)補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼制度予以梳理,并重點(diǎn)分析((SCM協(xié)定》有關(guān)補(bǔ)貼的規(guī)定。 第二章：本部分主要研究WTO中有關(guān)禁止性出口補(bǔ)貼的構(gòu)成要素,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)《SCM協(xié)定》附件所列出口補(bǔ)貼清單予以分析。 第三章：本部分主要對(duì)與禁止性出口補(bǔ)貼有關(guān)的WTO案例予以梳理,并在結(jié)合案例的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)與構(gòu)成禁止性出口補(bǔ)貼有關(guān)的問(wèn)題做進(jìn)一步分析。 第四章：本部分從WTO規(guī)制和實(shí)踐角度分析中國(guó)在補(bǔ)貼問(wèn)題上面臨的形勢(shì),并針對(duì)我國(guó)出口補(bǔ)貼政策存在的問(wèn)題提出自己的思考與對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:Under the legal system of WTO, export subsidies are restricted or prohibited by the governments of all parties from the beginning, which is different from the "tolerance" attitude towards domestic subsidies. In Article III of the "SCM Agreement", export subsidies are put directly into the category of prohibited subsidies.The apparent difference in attitudes is not only that export subsidies give export products a competitive advantage that is not available in the usual international trading environment, but more importantly that this undesirable advantage directly leads to unfair trade.It harms the interests of importers and distorts the free trade system.Due to the negative role of export subsidies in international trade, the parties have made countervailing laws to offset the adverse effects of foreign export subsidies on their domestic industries while increasing the international regulation of export subsidies.However, this domestic countervailing law has often evolved into a de facto non-tariff barrier, which further hinders the normal development of international trade and poses a threat to the free trade system in the world.Because of this, the WTO had regulations on export subsidies and countervailing issues at the beginning of its predecessor, GATT, and Article VI and Article XVI of GATT 1947. Moreover, the efforts of this kind of regulation on subsidies have been continued up to now.Under the framework of WTO, many systems, such as GATT, Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures, Agreement on Agricultural products, General Agreement on Trade in Services and Agreement on Government Procurement, have regulations on subsidies and countervailing measures.But the most comprehensive and important agreement is the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures.The agreement is a major result of fierce debate among the members of the WTO in the Uruguay Round, which defines subsidies and export subsidies more clearly and imposes tougher prohibitions on export subsidies.The regulation of countervailing measures prevents the abuse of countervailing measures to a certain extent and reduces the cases of subsidies after the establishment of WTO. It can be said that the agreement is the core of the whole WTO subsidy system.Therefore, the study of export subsidies under WTO regulations is mainly focused on the agreement.In addition to the introduction and conclusions, this paper is divided into four chapters:Chapter one: this part mainly combs the subsidy and countervailing system of WTO from the angle of history, and analyzes the stipulation of WTO Agreement on subsidy.Chapter two: this part mainly studies the components of prohibited export subsidies in WTO and analyzes the list of export subsidies listed in the Annex of the SCM Agreement on this basis.Chapter three: this part mainly combs the WTO cases related to prohibited export subsidies, and makes further analysis on the problems related to the constitution of prohibited export subsidies on the basis of combining cases.Chapter four: this part analyzes the situation that China faces in the issue of subsidy from the angle of WTO regulation and practice, and puts forward its own thinking and countermeasures in view of the problems existing in China's export subsidy policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉亮;多哈回合反補(bǔ)貼規(guī)則研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1702903