本文選題：獨(dú)立性原則　切入點(diǎn)：欺詐例外　出處：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：獨(dú)立性原則是信用證制度之基石，對(duì)獨(dú)立性原則的例外適用受到法律的嚴(yán)格限制。目前各國(guó)法律廣為承認(rèn)的獨(dú)立性原則之例外是欺詐例外，但最近有一項(xiàng)發(fā)生在澳大利亞的新增例外在國(guó)際上廣受批評(píng)。這種例外即對(duì)《商貿(mào)實(shí)務(wù)法》（Trade Practices Act）中處理顯失公平行為的第IVA部分之適用。并且，這一例外對(duì)其他國(guó)家相關(guān)案例的判決造成了一定的影響。發(fā)生在新加坡和馬來(lái)西亞的案件中，在尚無(wú)立法基礎(chǔ)的情形下照搬了澳大利亞的這一做法。本文的主題即是對(duì)這種新出現(xiàn)的信用證獨(dú)立性原則適用例外是否合理，，以及我國(guó)是否可以引進(jìn)該規(guī)則進(jìn)行分析。根據(jù)以上主題，本文共分為四個(gè)部分： 第一部分是對(duì)信用證獨(dú)立性原則及其例外的介紹。獨(dú)立性原則是信用證最基本的原則之一，也是信用證付款迅捷性與確定性的保障。第一章介紹了信用證獨(dú)立性原則的含義及其在國(guó)際規(guī)則及國(guó)內(nèi)法律中的規(guī)定。此外，對(duì)信用證獨(dú)立性原則適用之例外——欺詐例外、違法例外、權(quán)利濫用例外及顯失公平例外作了簡(jiǎn)要介紹。 第二部分是對(duì)顯失公平例外在國(guó)外適用之現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展的分析。目前顯失公平例外已經(jīng)在澳大利亞、馬來(lái)西亞以及新加坡出現(xiàn)并逐漸確立。本文第二章對(duì)以上國(guó)家適用顯失公平例外規(guī)則的判例作了系統(tǒng)的介紹與梳理，并結(jié)合各國(guó)司法現(xiàn)狀對(duì)相關(guān)案例判決之法理基礎(chǔ)、法律效果等進(jìn)行分析。通過(guò)分析認(rèn)為，顯失公平例外的適用缺乏相應(yīng)的法理基礎(chǔ)，顯失公平行為的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及顯失公平例外與欺詐例外的區(qū)別也無(wú)明確界定。此外，顯失公平例外之適用還可能?chē)?yán)重破壞信用證作為國(guó)際支付工具與擔(dān)保工具的商業(yè)性質(zhì)。因此，筆者總結(jié)認(rèn)為顯失公平例外之適用與其說(shuō)是對(duì)獨(dú)立性原則的合理突破，不如說(shuō)是對(duì)信用證機(jī)制的嚴(yán)重破壞。 第三部分是對(duì)我國(guó)引進(jìn)顯失公平例外之可能性及其利弊分析，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)我國(guó)信用證獨(dú)立性原則及其例外之立法提出建議。該部分結(jié)合我國(guó)信用證立法的現(xiàn)狀，從法律淵源、法律基礎(chǔ)、司法救濟(jì)、影響與結(jié)果等四個(gè)方面分析了我國(guó)引進(jìn)顯失公平制度之可能性，認(rèn)為我國(guó)適用顯失公平例外缺乏成文法淵源與法理基礎(chǔ)，引進(jìn)該規(guī)則將對(duì)我國(guó)尚未完善的信用證獨(dú)立性原則及其例外適用造成破壞。因此在我國(guó)目前的信用證法律狀況下不宜借鑒這一制度。結(jié)合以上分析，第三章第二節(jié)對(duì)我國(guó)信用證獨(dú)立性原則及其例外之立法完善提出建議。 最后一部分為結(jié)論。是在前三部分的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)本文的理論分析及建議的提煉與總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The principle of independence is the cornerstone of the system of letters of credit. The exception to the principle of independence is strictly restricted by law. But recently, there is a new exception in Australia that has been widely criticized internationally. This exception applies to part IVA of the Trade Practices Act, which deals with manifestly unfair conduct... and, This exception has had some effect on the judgements of other countries. In the Singapore and Malaysia cases, In the absence of a legislative basis, Australia's approach is reproduced. The main theme of this paper is whether it is reasonable to apply exceptions to this emerging principle of independence of letters of credit. According to the above theme, this paper is divided into four parts:. The first part is the introduction of the principle of independence of letters of credit and its exceptions. The principle of independence is one of the most basic principles of letters of credit. The first chapter introduces the meaning of the principle of independence of letters of credit and its provisions in international rules and domestic law. In addition, the exception to the principle of independence of letters of credit is fraud, which is the exception to the principle of independence of letters of credit. The exception of violation of law, the exception of abuse of rights and the exception of explicit injustice are briefly introduced. The second part is the analysis of the current situation and development of the application of explicit unfair exception in foreign countries. Malaysia and Singapore have emerged and gradually established. The second chapter of this paper systematically introduces and combs the cases of the above countries applying the rule of exception to explicit injustice, and combines the current judicial situation of countries to the jurisprudence of the relevant cases. Through the analysis, it is concluded that the application of explicit unfair exception lacks the corresponding legal basis, and the judgment standard of explicit unfair behavior and the difference between explicit and unfair exception and fraud exception are not clearly defined. The application of explicit unfair exception may also seriously damage the commercial nature of letter of credit as an instrument of international payment and guarantee. Therefore, the author concludes that the application of explicit unfair exception is not so much a reasonable breakthrough to the principle of independence. More of a serious breach of the letter of credit mechanism. The third part analyzes the possibility and advantages and disadvantages of introducing explicit unfair exceptions to our country, and puts forward some suggestions on the principle of independence of letters of credit and the legislation of their exceptions on this basis, which combines with the present situation of the legislation of letters of credit in our country. This paper analyzes the possibility of introducing explicit and unfair system from four aspects of legal origin, legal basis, judicial relief, influence and result, and holds that the application of explicit and unfair exception in our country lacks the origin of statutory law and the basis of legal theory. The introduction of this rule will destroy the imperfect principle of the independence of letters of credit in China and its exceptional application. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use this system for reference under the current legal situation of letters of credit in our country. Chapter three, section two, gives some suggestions on the legislative perfection of the independence principle and exception of letter of credit in China. The last part is the conclusion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996;F740.4

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