發(fā)布時間：2018-03-29 12:41

  本文選題：雙重國籍　切入點：外交保護　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：19世紀至20世紀,隨著國際交往的日趨頻繁,國籍問題的重要性凸現(xiàn)出來,有關(guān)國籍的觀念和理論基本成熟,國籍法的單行立法方式應(yīng)運而生并成為國籍立法的普遍趨勢。國籍問題的國際化、國籍觀念的進一步演進,使國籍問題上升到國際法層面,關(guān)于國籍的國際條約開始大量出現(xiàn),現(xiàn)代國籍法的國際法原則基本形成。這種現(xiàn)象表明現(xiàn)代意義上的國籍觀念基本成熟,并且國籍無論在國內(nèi)法還是在國際法上的地位都日趨重要。本文以雙重國籍的國際法問題作為研究對象,全文分為四章。 第一章論述雙重國籍的概念和歷史演進。第一節(jié)對國籍的概念進行分析,指出國籍包含兩個方面的含義：一方面在于公民對于國家的依附;另一方面則是國家對擁有其公民資格的人的保護。第二節(jié)討論國籍法的歷史演變,考察了國籍法經(jīng)歷了從禁止雙重國籍到承認雙重國籍的發(fā)展歷程。第三節(jié)指出,承認雙重國籍是由于受到國籍觀念演變的影響,并由各種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。 第二章論述雙重國籍國際法的立法與司法實踐情況。第一節(jié)討論條約作為雙重國籍立法的主要形式在雙重國籍制度確立中發(fā)揮的重要作用。第二節(jié)討論國際上有關(guān)雙重國籍制度的司法實踐,通過對美國等內(nèi)國的司法實踐考察,可以明晰人權(quán)保護是雙重國籍制度得以存在的重要原因。第三節(jié)討論雙重國籍國際法規(guī)范目前具有的區(qū)域性、人本性以及理論基礎(chǔ)的薄弱性等特點。 第三章是本文的主體部分,論述雙重國籍國際法的實體內(nèi)容。第一節(jié)討論雙重國籍的兵役問題,指出國家基于其主權(quán)自主決定具有雙重國籍的公民是否應(yīng)在本國服兵役,一般來說,在雙重國籍一國已服兵役的自然人,另一國家會給予其在本國服兵役的豁免,但并不絕對。第二節(jié)揭示了雙重國籍者的外交保護問題,雖然是否給予外交保護,是國籍國根據(jù)其主權(quán)自主決定的事項,但一般來說,有效國籍國可以對其進行保護,另一國應(yīng)出于國際合作的目的,放棄外交保護的權(quán)利。第三節(jié)討論雙重國籍者面臨的涉外民商事案件的管轄權(quán)、法律適用以及裁判的認可與執(zhí)行問題。第四節(jié)討論雙重國籍者的引渡問題,指出雙重國籍者雖然受制于“本國人不引渡”的原則,兩國均不會將其引渡至其他國家受審,但這一原則受“或引渡,或起訴”原則的制約。 第四章討論中國的雙重國籍問題。第一節(jié)討論我國歷史上對于雙重國籍問題的處理辦法,指出1980年《國籍法》所堅持的單一國籍制度是當(dāng)時歷史條件下的正確選擇,具有積極意義。第二節(jié)討論1980年《國籍法》所面臨的法律和現(xiàn)實問題,指出在現(xiàn)在國際環(huán)境已經(jīng)發(fā)生較大變化的情況下,繼續(xù)堅持雙重國籍制度,是屬于過于超前的國籍觀念,有損我國利益,應(yīng)予修改,有限度地承認雙重國籍制度。
[Abstract]:From the 19th century to the 20th century, with the increasingly frequent international exchanges, the importance of the nationality issue emerged, and the concept and theory of nationality were basically mature. The unique legislation of nationality law has emerged as the times require and has become a general trend of nationality legislation. The internationalization of nationality issues and the further evolution of nationality concepts have raised the nationality issue to the level of international law, and international treaties on nationality have begun to appear in large numbers. The basic formation of the principles of international law in modern nationality law. This phenomenon shows that the concept of nationality in the modern sense is basically mature. Nationality is becoming more and more important in both domestic law and international law. This paper focuses on the dual nationality in international law, which is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the concept and historical evolution of dual nationality. The first section analyzes the concept of nationality and points out that nationality contains two meanings: one is the dependence of citizens on the state; Section II discusses the historical evolution of nationality laws, examining the evolution of nationality laws from the prohibition of dual nationality to the recognition of dual nationality. The recognition of dual nationality is due to the influence of the evolution of the concept of nationality and the combined effect of various factors. Chapter two discusses the legislative and judicial practice of dual nationality international law. Section 1 discusses the important role that treaties play in the establishment of dual nationality system as the main form of dual nationality legislation. Judicial practice concerning the system of dual nationality, By examining the judicial practice of the United States and other countries, it is clear that the protection of human rights is an important reason for the existence of the dual nationality system. Section III discusses the regional nature of the current norms of dual nationality international law. The characteristics of human nature and the weakness of theoretical basis. The third chapter is the main part of this paper, which discusses the substantive content of dual nationality international law. The first section discusses the military service of dual nationality, and points out that the state decides whether citizens with dual nationality should perform military service in their own country on the basis of their sovereign autonomy. In general, a natural person who has served in military service in a State with dual nationality is granted immunity from military service in that State by another State, but it is not absolute. Section II reveals the question of diplomatic protection of persons with dual nationality, although diplomatic protection is granted, Is a matter decided by the State of nationality on the basis of its sovereign autonomy, but, in general, the effective State of nationality may protect it and the other State for the purpose of international cooperation, The right to waive diplomatic protection. Section III deals with jurisdiction, the application of the law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in foreign civil and commercial cases faced by dual nationals. Section IV deals with the extradition of dual nationals, It is pointed out that although dual nationals are subject to the principle that "nationals do not extradite" and neither country will extradite them to other countries for trial, this principle is governed by the principle of "Aut dedere Aut judicare". The first section discusses the treatment of dual nationality in the history of China, and points out that the single nationality system upheld by the 1980 nationality Law was the correct choice under the historical conditions at that time. Section II discusses the legal and practical problems faced by the 1980 nationality Law, and points out that, under the circumstances in which the international environment has changed considerably, it is a concept of nationality which is too advanced to continue to adhere to the system of dual nationality. It is harmful to the interests of our country and should be amended to recognize the dual nationality system in a limited way.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D998

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