發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-26 07:07

  本文選題：非國(guó)際性武裝沖突　切入點(diǎn)：國(guó)際人道法　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：在和平與發(fā)展成為當(dāng)今世界的主題的情況下，國(guó)家間訴諸武力的行為明顯減少了，但武裝沖突的根源卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)未能被消除，尤其是非國(guó)際性武裝沖突仍舊頻繁發(fā)生，造成大量平民傷亡或背井離鄉(xiāng)，給世界人民帶來(lái)了深重的苦難。作為保護(hù)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與武裝沖突受難者的國(guó)際人道法源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，在調(diào)整戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和國(guó)際性武裝沖突中發(fā)揮著重要的作用，但是面對(duì)大量需要保護(hù)的非國(guó)際性武裝沖突中的受難者卻因?yàn)橹T多原因而顯得脆弱無(wú)力。因而對(duì)國(guó)際人道法在非國(guó)際性武裝沖突中的適用問(wèn)題研究就顯得十分必要和迫切。 本文共分四章對(duì)非國(guó)際性武裝沖突中國(guó)際人道法的適用問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了論述： 第一章作為概述，首先通過(guò)比較法闡釋了非國(guó)際性武裝沖突的內(nèi)涵，以將其與國(guó)際性武裝沖突和內(nèi)部緊張局勢(shì)相區(qū)別；同時(shí)，概括介紹了目前國(guó)際人道法體系中可以適用于非國(guó)際性武裝沖突的實(shí)體法規(guī)則，為下文的進(jìn)一步分析提供基礎(chǔ)； 第二章細(xì)致全面的探討了適用于非國(guó)際性武裝沖突的國(guó)際人道法規(guī)則，包括1949年8月12日《日內(nèi)瓦公約》共同第三條、1949年8月12日《日內(nèi)瓦公約關(guān)于保護(hù)非國(guó)際性武裝沖突受難者的第二附加議定書以及具有習(xí)慣國(guó)際法地位的國(guó)際人道主義法規(guī)則，論述了這些實(shí)體法規(guī)則的作用及不足，其中著重研究了在非國(guó)際性武裝沖突中如何確立習(xí)慣國(guó)際人道法規(guī)則，以及適用國(guó)際人道法保護(hù)平民的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題，如平民的定義、戰(zhàn)斗員身份、以及直接參與敵對(duì)行動(dòng)等； 第三章分析了當(dāng)前在非國(guó)際性武裝沖突中適用國(guó)際人道法面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，筆者沒(méi)有對(duì)國(guó)際人道法的適用中遇到的普遍性挑戰(zhàn)進(jìn)行論述，而是選取了在非國(guó)際性武裝沖突中適用國(guó)際人道法的特有問(wèn)題進(jìn)行論述，即主權(quán)國(guó)家對(duì)在非國(guó)際性武裝沖突中適用國(guó)際人道法的抗拒、國(guó)際人道法的適用對(duì)國(guó)際法體系帶來(lái)的沖擊以及國(guó)際人道法有效追訴機(jī)制的缺失。 針對(duì)第三章中論述的適用中面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，本文在第四章中提出了幾點(diǎn)促進(jìn)國(guó)際人道法在非國(guó)際性武裝沖突中適用和遵守的對(duì)策，依次探討了加強(qiáng)對(duì)國(guó)際人道法的傳播以及營(yíng)造一種良好的“遵守氛圍”，通過(guò)主權(quán)國(guó)家在國(guó)內(nèi)層面的立法及相關(guān)機(jī)制促進(jìn)遵守，發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國(guó)、紅十字國(guó)際委員會(huì)等國(guó)際組織的作用，以及在國(guó)際人道法的適用中引入相應(yīng)的國(guó)際人權(quán)法保護(hù)機(jī)制等方式。 盡管非國(guó)際性武裝沖突中國(guó)際人道法的實(shí)體規(guī)范以及實(shí)施機(jī)制都尚不完善，但這并非是當(dāng)前國(guó)際人道法所面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)，，真正的挑戰(zhàn)還是缺乏對(duì)規(guī)則的尊重。本文寫作的最終目的是希望我國(guó)民眾能夠不斷加深對(duì)國(guó)際人道法規(guī)則的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)，使國(guó)際人道法的規(guī)則和精神在實(shí)踐中能夠得到最大程度的遵守和執(zhí)行。
[Abstract]:With peace and development becoming the subject of today's world, the use of force between States has decreased significantly, but the root causes of armed conflicts have far from being eliminated, especially as non-international armed conflicts continue to occur frequently, Causing a large number of civilian casualties or displacement, causing great suffering to the peoples of the world... as the protection of victims of wars and armed conflicts, international humanitarian law has a long history and plays an important role in the adjustment of wars and international armed conflicts, However, in the face of a large number of non-international armed conflicts that need to be protected, the victims are weak for many reasons, so it is necessary and urgent to study the application of international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts. This paper discusses the application of international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts in four chapters:. The first chapter, as an overview, first explains the meaning of non-international armed conflict through comparative law in order to distinguish it from international armed conflict and internal tension; at the same time, The substantive law rules applicable to non-international armed conflicts in the current system of international humanitarian law are summarized, which provide the basis for further analysis below; Chapter II deals in detail with the rules of international humanitarian law applicable to non-international armed conflicts, Including common article 3 of the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, Protocol II additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts and the rules of international humanitarian law having the status of customary international law, Addressing the role and shortcomings of these substantive law rules, which focus on the establishment of customary rules of international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts, as well as several key issues in the application of international humanitarian law to the protection of civilians, such as the definition of civilians, Status of combatants and direct participation in hostilities; The third chapter analyzes the challenges of applying international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts. The author does not discuss the universal challenges in the application of international humanitarian law. Choosing instead the particular issue of the application of international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts, namely, the resistance of sovereign States to the application of international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts, The application of international humanitarian law impacts the system of international law and the lack of effective prosecution mechanism of international humanitarian law. In response to the challenges of application discussed in chapter III, this paper proposes in chapter IV several measures to promote the application and observance of international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts, Exploring, in turn, the enhancement of the dissemination of international humanitarian law and the creation of a good "climate of compliance" to promote compliance through the legislation and related mechanisms of sovereign States at the domestic level, and to bring into play the United Nations, The role of the International Committee of the Red Cross and other international organizations, and the application of international humanitarian law to introduce the corresponding international human rights law protection mechanism. Although the substantive norms and enforcement mechanisms of international humanitarian law in non-international armed conflicts are not yet perfect, this is not the greatest challenge facing international humanitarian law today, The real challenge is the lack of respect for the rules. The ultimate purpose of this article is to hope that our people will be able to continuously deepen their understanding and understanding of the rules of international humanitarian law. To ensure that the rules and spirit of international humanitarian law are observed and enforced to the maximum extent in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D998.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 徐衍光;論國(guó)際人道主義法在非國(guó)際性武裝沖突中的適用[D];外交學(xué)院;2001年

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