本文選題：WTO爭端裁決　切入點(diǎn)：執(zhí)行制度　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自WTO成立以來,已經(jīng)走過了20個年頭,WTO爭端解決機(jī)構(gòu)作為解決成員方之間國際爭端的專門機(jī)構(gòu),起到了重要的作用。隨著近些年來WTO爭端案件的不斷增多,很多案件都已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到執(zhí)行程序或已經(jīng)執(zhí)行完畢,大多數(shù)成員方的國際爭端案件都能以和平的方式得到解決。但隨著各成員執(zhí)行WTO爭端裁決案件的增多,其積累的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)也不斷增多,尤其是美國等發(fā)達(dá)國家,已經(jīng)建立起一套完整的應(yīng)對WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的法律體系,WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的缺陷也逐漸暴露了出來。因此,成員方在執(zhí)行WTO爭端裁決時,往往利用執(zhí)行制度的缺陷,對案件的執(zhí)行期限進(jìn)行拖延,尤其是涉及歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國家的國際爭端案件,往往執(zhí)行了好幾年也沒有結(jié)果,大大降低了WTO爭端裁決的執(zhí)行效率。鑒于WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的現(xiàn)狀,對于WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的修改和完善已經(jīng)迫在眉睫,WTO爭端組織也已經(jīng)意識到該問題的重要性,并已經(jīng)開始了對WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的修改進(jìn)行談判。只是在談判的過程中,雖然WTO各成員對于執(zhí)行制度的修改都很積極,在談判過程中也提出了各自的建議,但由于WTO各成員不能形成統(tǒng)一的意見,致使對于執(zhí)行制度修改的談判最終以失敗告終。我國雖然加入WTO的時間尚短,但由于我國是一個貿(mào)易大國,涉及的國際爭端案件也越來越多,因此對于我國來說,一方面,在執(zhí)行WTO爭端裁決過程中,應(yīng)借鑒美國等發(fā)達(dá)國家在立法上和實(shí)踐上的執(zhí)行經(jīng)驗(yàn),維護(hù)我國的合法權(quán)益；另一方面,我國作為最大的發(fā)展中國家,應(yīng)積極推進(jìn)WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的修改和完善。就本文而言,結(jié)構(gòu)上分為四個部分：第一部分對WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度進(jìn)行了概述。首先,通過對WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的由來進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)出WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的概念。其次,對WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了具體的闡述,執(zhí)行制度的內(nèi)容主要包括監(jiān)督執(zhí)行DSB建議或裁決的規(guī)定、對DSB建議或裁決不履行時的救濟(jì)措施兩方面,并就合理期限的確定、執(zhí)行審查程序、補(bǔ)償及報復(fù)制度等具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了介紹。最后,結(jié)合WTO官網(wǎng)的數(shù)據(jù),對WTO爭端裁決的執(zhí)行現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析。第二部分對WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的缺陷進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。在“合理期限”的確定方面,由于DSU第21條第3款的規(guī)定限定模糊,致使仲裁在確定WTO爭端裁決的執(zhí)行合理期限時,沒有具體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可依,主要依靠自由裁量權(quán),給成員方拖延執(zhí)行期限提供了機(jī)會；在執(zhí)行審查程序方面,因?yàn)閷?zhí)行審查程序和申請授權(quán)報復(fù)程序沒有規(guī)定適用順序,導(dǎo)致在實(shí)踐執(zhí)行中二者出現(xiàn)了執(zhí)行混亂的局面；在適用補(bǔ)償及報復(fù)措施方面,因?yàn)檠a(bǔ)償措施的自身限制,很少有成員方作為救濟(jì)手段采納,申請授權(quán)報復(fù)措施,對于使用平行報復(fù)、跨部門報復(fù)還是跨協(xié)定報復(fù),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不明確,主要依靠成員方主觀判斷。第三部分對WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的完善進(jìn)行了闡述。通過對各成員方針對WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的修改及完善所提出的方案進(jìn)行分析,并參考多哈部長會議上形成的主席草案對于WTO爭端裁決執(zhí)行制度的修改及完善的建議,分別從合理期限的確定、執(zhí)行審查程序、救濟(jì)措施三方面進(jìn)行論述,并對以上方案進(jìn)行簡單評述,提出自己的修改及完善建議。第四部分指出了我國執(zhí)行WTO爭端裁決的問題及完善的建議。就我國目前執(zhí)行WTO爭端裁決存在的問題進(jìn)行總結(jié),主要集中在立法上和執(zhí)行實(shí)踐中,通過分析借鑒美國建立的執(zhí)行WTO爭端裁決的法律體系,來完善我國對于WTO爭端裁決的執(zhí)行機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of WTO, has gone through 20 years, the WTO dispute settlement mechanism as a specialized agency to resolve international disputes between members, has played an important role. In recent years, along with the WTO dispute cases are increasing, many cases have been entered into the program execution or has been executed, the majority of members international dispute cases can be settled peacefully. But with the increase of the members of the executive WTO dispute case, the experience is also increasing, especially in the United States and other developed countries have established a complete legal system on the WTO Dispute Adjudication enforcement system, the enforcement of the ruling system of the WTO dispute defects are gradually exposed out. Therefore, the members in the implementation of the WTO dispute adjudication, often by the defect of the implementation of the system, in the case of the implementation period of delay, especially in Europe and America and other developed The country's international dispute cases, often perform several years with no result, greatly reduced the WTO Dispute Adjudication efficiency. In view of the status quo of WTO Dispute Adjudication of the implementation of the system, the WTO Dispute Adjudication execution system modification and perfection of the WTO dispute has been imminent, organizations have realized the importance of this problem, and has already begun the WTO Dispute Adjudication execution system modification negotiations. Only in the course of negotiations, although all members of the WTO for the implementation of system changes are very active in the negotiation process, also put forward their own proposals, but by all members of the WTO can not form a unified opinion, the system for the implementation of the negotiations ended in failure in the end. Although China's accession to the WTO of the time is short, but because China is a big trading country, the international disputes are more and more cases, therefore, for our country, on the one hand, in Execute the WTO dispute adjudication process, should draw lessons from the United States and other developed countries in legislation and Practice on the implementation of experience, safeguard China's legitimate rights and interests; on the other hand, China is the largest developing country, should actively promote the implementation of WTO dispute adjudication system modification and improvement. In this paper, the structure is divided into four part: the first part gives a brief introduction of the WTO dispute ruling execution system. Firstly, based on the origin of WTO Dispute Adjudication execution system analysis, summed up the concept of WTO Dispute Adjudication enforcement system. Secondly, the WTO dispute rulings are elaborated for the contents of the implementation of the system, mainly includes the supervision regulations DSB recommendations or rulings, the two aspects of DSB recommendations or rulings do not perform the relief measures and reasonable deadline, the compliance review procedure, the specific content of the compensation and retaliation system etc. Introduced in this paper. Finally, according to the official website of WTO data, analyzed the status of implementation of the WTO dispute adjudication. The second part summarizes the defects of WTO dispute adjudication system. In the aspect of "implementation to determine the reasonable period of time", due to the provisions of the third paragraph of article twenty-first of the DSU limit is fuzzy, resulting in arbitration in determining the reasonable period of time for implementation of WTO the dispute adjudication, no specific standard, mainly rely on discretion, period provides an opportunity for members of the Fang Tuoyan implementation; in the implementation of the review process, because of the compliance review procedure and the application program is not authorized retaliation provisions applicable to order, resulting in the practice in the implementation of the two appeared in execution chaos; application of compensation and compensation measures of retaliatory measures because of their own limitations, few members of the party as a relief means adopted for authorization of retaliation for the use of parallel cross sector retaliation Revenge or cross agreement retaliation, the standard is not clear, mainly rely on the subjective judgment of members. The third part elaborates on the WTO Dispute Adjudication to perfect executive system. Through the analysis of the proposed to modify and perfect the policy of the members of WTO Dispute Adjudication enforcement system scheme, and reference form Doha ministerial meeting for President Bill WTO Dispute Adjudication execution system to modify and perfect the proposal, determined separately from the reasonable period of time, the compliance review procedure, three aspects of relief measures are discussed, and a brief review of the above plan, put forward to modify and perfect suggestions. The fourth part points out the WTO Dispute Adjudication problem and suggestions of our implementation. Our current implementation of WTO dispute decision problems are summarized, mainly concentrated in the legislation and execution in practice, by analyzing the establishment of implementation in WTO dispute settlement The legal system of the adjudication to improve our country's enforcement mechanism for the WTO dispute award.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D996.1

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