發(fā)布時間：2018-03-17 22:19

  本文選題：WTO　切入點：RTAs　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展，多邊貿(mào)易自由化與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化日益成為主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，，尤其在多邊貿(mào)易談判步履維艱的情況下，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化更是充分顯示出其發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢作用，區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定不斷涌現(xiàn)，并都規(guī)定有相應(yīng)的爭端解決機(jī)制，其與世界貿(mào)易組織爭端解決機(jī)制之間的矛盾沖突也隨之出現(xiàn)。WTO與RTAs之間的關(guān)系問題日益成為學(xué)者們關(guān)注的焦點，學(xué)者們紛紛從宏觀的角度論述WTO與RTAs爭端解決機(jī)制的比較，鮮有學(xué)者深入研究WTO和RTAs爭端解決機(jī)制管轄權(quán)沖突的相關(guān)問題，這不利于全面認(rèn)識WTO與RTAs之間的矛盾沖突，不利于國際貿(mào)易糾紛的有效解決。 本文從概述WTO爭端解決機(jī)制和RTAs爭端解決機(jī)制中有關(guān)管轄權(quán)的規(guī)定入手，在此基礎(chǔ)上比較并探討兩者的關(guān)系，認(rèn)為雖然WTO與RTAs在條文方面有一些相似規(guī)定，但兩者在爭端解決機(jī)構(gòu)、爭端解決受案范圍、爭端解決程序方面有很多不同，這促使RTAs在諸多領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)先發(fā)展可以彌補(bǔ)WTO爭端解決機(jī)制的疏漏，為WTO爭端解決機(jī)制的未來發(fā)展提供了經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)。 為什么WTO爭端解決解決機(jī)制與RTAs爭端解決機(jī)制會發(fā)生管轄權(quán)沖突呢？其根本原因是WTO協(xié)定與RTAs規(guī)定的實體權(quán)利義務(wù)的重疊以及WTO與RTAs爭端解決機(jī)制管轄權(quán)制度的不協(xié)調(diào)，這兩方面的原因為沖突產(chǎn)生提供理論上的可能性；而直接原因是爭端方挑選爭端解決機(jī)構(gòu)，它直接促使管轄權(quán)沖突的實際發(fā)生。 WTO爭端解決機(jī)制與RTAs爭端解決機(jī)制管轄權(quán)沖突的后果是產(chǎn)生平行訴訟，其主要表現(xiàn)為“重復(fù)訴訟”和“對抗訴訟”，而其典型案例分別是“阿根廷家禽反傾銷措施案”和“墨西哥飲料案”。從這兩個案例可以看出平行訴訟會造成的兩方面的嚴(yán)重后果：一是高額訴訟成本，同時加重爭端當(dāng)事方和爭端解決機(jī)構(gòu)的負(fù)擔(dān)，不符合司法經(jīng)濟(jì)原則；二是產(chǎn)生沖突的裁決，降低裁決的可預(yù)見性，進(jìn)而降低法律的確定性，日益加深多邊貿(mào)易體制與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化間的矛盾，不利于國際經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的和諧與統(tǒng)一。 鑒于上述嚴(yán)重后果，必須找出協(xié)調(diào)這一沖突的方案，分別從RTAs中的管轄權(quán)條款、國際私法領(lǐng)域的管轄權(quán)規(guī)制規(guī)則、RTAs對WTO在管轄權(quán)方面的司法包容這三個角度分析可適用的解決方案。首先，RTAs爭端解決機(jī)制中的管轄權(quán)條款是對爭端國訴訟權(quán)利義務(wù)的規(guī)制，并不是對WTO特定條款的解釋，因此不能根據(jù)“并入說”要求WTO專家組和上訴機(jī)構(gòu)承認(rèn)RTAs管轄權(quán)條款。其次，國際私法領(lǐng)域的管轄權(quán)規(guī)制規(guī)則，如不方便法院原則、先受理法院管轄原則、一事不再理原則和禁止反言原則，在協(xié)調(diào)WTO與RTAs爭端解決機(jī)制管轄權(quán)沖突方面均具有局限性。最后，RTAs對WTO在管轄權(quán)方面的司法包容有利于兩種爭端解決機(jī)制在實現(xiàn)各自目標(biāo)宗旨的基礎(chǔ)上共同發(fā)展，可視為協(xié)調(diào)WTO與RTAs爭端解決機(jī)制管轄權(quán)沖突的有效途徑。 就中國而言，應(yīng)如何解決這一沖突呢？首先要深入研究WTO條款和管轄權(quán)沖突典型案例，然后要充分利用這種沖突對己有利的一面。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of world economy, multilateral trade liberalization and regional economic integration has become the main mode of economic development, especially in the multilateral trade negotiations said of an aged person situation, regional economic integration is fully shown its advantages in the development of the role of regional trade agreements continue to emerge, and the corresponding provisions of the dispute settlement mechanism, and the the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Mechanism between the contradictions and conflicts also arise problems of the relationship between.WTO and RTAs has become the focus of scholars, more scholars from the macroscopic angle discusses WTO and RTAs dispute settlement mechanism, few scholars have in-depth study of the WTO and the RTAs dispute settlement mechanism under the jurisdiction of the relevant rights conflict, it is conducive to a comprehensive understanding of the conflict between WTO and RTAs, are not conducive to solve international trade disputes.
This paper outlines the WTO dispute settlement mechanism of RTAs dispute settlement provisions and the jurisdiction mechanism of rights, on the basis of comparing and discussing the relationship between WTO and RTAs, although there are some similar provisions in respect of the provisions, but the two institutions in solving disputes, dispute settlement scope, dispute settlement procedures are very different. This prompted RTAs to give priority to the development in many fields can make up the WTO dispute settlement mechanism of omission, provides experiences and lessons for the future development of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism.
Why does the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and the RTAs dispute settlement mechanism have the jurisdictional conflict? The basic reason is the provisions of the WTO agreement and the rights and obligations of the entity RTAs and WTO overlap and the RTAs dispute settlement mechanism under the jurisdiction of the right system is not harmonious, these two reasons for the conflict to provide theoretical possibility; and the direct reason is a party to the dispute choose dispute settlement mechanism, actual it directly led to the occurrence of conflicts of jurisdiction.
The WTO dispute settlement mechanism of RTAs dispute settlement mechanism is the consequence of the conflict between the right of jurisdiction to produce parallel litigation, the main manifestation of "repeated litigation" and "against the lawsuit", and the typical cases are "Argentina poultry anti-dumping case" and "Mexico beverage case". From these two cases can be seen in parallel proceedings from two aspects of the serious consequences: one is the high cost of litigation, and increase the parties to the dispute and the dispute settlement body burden, does not comply with the principle of judicial economy; the two is the conflict between ruling, ruling the lower predictability, and reduce the certainty of law, deepening the contradiction between the multilateral trading system and regional economy the integration of the harmony and unity is not conducive to international economic order.
In view of the serious consequences, we must find out the coordination of the conflict, the jurisdiction clause from RTAs respectively, the rules of jurisdiction regulation in the field of private international law, the RTAs of WTO in the jurisdiction of the judicial tolerance in three aspects the solution can be used. First of all, the jurisdiction clause in the RTAs dispute settlement mechanism is the regulation of disputes litigation rights and obligations, and not to WTO specific interpretation of terms, and therefore can not be "incorporation" according to the requirements of WTO panels and the appellate body recognized RTAs jurisdiction clause. Secondly, rules of jurisdiction regulation in the field of private international law, such as inconvenient court principle, court received the first principle, one thing the principle and the principle of estoppel, the coordination of the WTO and the RTAs dispute settlement mechanism of jurisdictional conflicts have limitations. Finally, RTAs to two WTO in the dispute on the jurisdiction of judicial tolerance The solution mechanism can be seen as an effective way to coordinate the conflict of the jurisdiction of the WTO and the RTAs dispute settlement mechanism on the basis of the realization of the objectives of their respective goals.
For China, how should we solve this conflict? First, we should thoroughly study the typical cases of WTO clauses and jurisdiction conflicts, and then make full use of this conflict to our advantage.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.1

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