本文選題：共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任　切入點(diǎn)：國(guó)際環(huán)境法　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地球是我們?nèi)祟?lèi)賴(lài)以生存的地方,但由于近幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)人類(lèi)過(guò)度的利用,地球的環(huán)境受到史無(wú)前例的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。全世界各國(guó)都已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性。但在具體履行全球環(huán)境保護(hù)義務(wù)以及承擔(dān)各自相應(yīng)的責(zé)任方面,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家與發(fā)展中國(guó)家存在著很大的分歧。正是基于上述矛盾,一項(xiàng)基于國(guó)際分配正義的理念發(fā)展出來(lái)了一項(xiàng)責(zé)任即“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”。該責(zé)任在國(guó)際環(huán)境保護(hù)領(lǐng)域具有里程碑的性質(zhì),其內(nèi)涵表現(xiàn)為：全世界各國(guó)無(wú)論發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還是發(fā)展中國(guó)家都負(fù)有環(huán)境保護(hù)義務(wù),但因歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況等因素,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家應(yīng)承擔(dān)更大、更多的責(zé)任。在該責(zé)任的指導(dǎo)下,使得更多的發(fā)展中國(guó)家參與到全球環(huán)境保護(hù)中來(lái),因此研究“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”不僅具有理論意義更具有實(shí)踐意義。 本文共分五部分,近兩萬(wàn)五千字左右,主要從以下五個(gè)方面來(lái)論述國(guó)際環(huán)境法中的共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任。第一部分論述了共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任的基本內(nèi)涵,包括概念、內(nèi)容以及其產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展過(guò)程；第二部分主要采用了比較的方法分析了共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任同傳統(tǒng)國(guó)際公法領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的國(guó)家責(zé)任的區(qū)別；第三部分闡述了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任在國(guó)際環(huán)境法中地位的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)；第四部分以《蒙特利爾議定書(shū)》和《京都議定書(shū)》兩個(gè)典型代表性條約為例,論述了共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任在國(guó)際環(huán)境法文件中的體現(xiàn)以及在實(shí)踐中的實(shí)施效果；最后,在總結(jié)共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任在實(shí)踐中遇到的問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一些完善建議和措施。同時(shí)進(jìn)一步闡述了我國(guó)應(yīng)如何更好的貫徹和實(shí)施共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:The earth is the place on which we live, but due to the excessive use of human beings in recent centuries, The Earth's environment is facing unprecedented challenges. Countries all over the world have recognized the importance of environmental protection. However, in the specific implementation of global environmental protection obligations and in assuming their respective responsibilities, There are great differences between developed and developing countries. A responsibility developed on the basis of international distributive justice, that is, "common but differentiated responsibilities"... is of a landmark nature in the field of international environmental protection, Its implication is that every country in the world, whether developed or developing, has an obligation to protect the environment. However, due to historical and economic conditions, the developed countries should bear more and more responsibilities. Under the guidance of this responsibility, It makes more developing countries participate in the global environmental protection, so the study of "common but differentiated responsibilities" not only has theoretical significance but also has practical significance. This paper is divided into five parts, nearly 25,000 words, mainly from the following five aspects to discuss the common but differentiated responsibilities in international environmental law. The second part mainly analyzes the differences between common but differentiated responsibilities and the traditional public international law field, the second part mainly uses the comparative method to analyze the differences between the common but differentiated responsibilities and the state responsibility in the field of traditional public international law. Part III sets out the views and positions of developed and developing countries on the status of common but differentiated responsibilities in international environmental law. Part 4th takes the two typical representative treaties of the Montreal Protocol and the Kyoto Protocol as examples. This paper discusses the embodiment of common but differentiated responsibilities in the documents of international environmental law and the effect of their implementation in practice, and finally, on the basis of summarizing the problems encountered in the practice of common but differentiated responsibilities, Some suggestions and measures are put forward. At the same time, how to implement and implement the common but differentiated responsibilities in China is further expounded.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.9

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