本文關(guān)鍵詞： 海上拖航 損害賠償責(zé)任 免責(zé)條款 拖航格式合同　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海上拖航,作為一種海上作業(yè)形式,在海洋運(yùn)輸業(yè)中占有重要地位。然而,相對而言,由于拖航作業(yè)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間比較短’,在海上拖航領(lǐng)域還沒有形成比較通用的國際條約和國際慣例。從世界上的一些國家的國內(nèi)立法看,也大多沒有專門的針對海上拖航的立法,有的也是少量的條款。再看我國立法,我國《海商法》以專章十個(gè)條文的篇幅對海上拖航做出了規(guī)定,但也沒有形成比較完備的海上拖航的法律體系。隨著海洋的開發(fā),海上拖航迎來了重大的發(fā)展機(jī)遇,而由拖航引起的糾紛也會(huì)大量增加,因此,有必要對海上拖航的若干法律問題進(jìn)行比較細(xì)致的研究。 本文立足于中國的法律法規(guī),結(jié)合國內(nèi)外的一些典型案例,并參考國際上比較通用的拖航格式合同,從理論和實(shí)踐兩個(gè)方面對海上拖航的若干法律問題,如當(dāng)事人的主要權(quán)利義務(wù)問題、損害賠償責(zé)任、免責(zé)條款的效力、拖航格式合同等法律問題進(jìn)行論述,以期為海上拖航糾紛提供基本的解決思路。 本文共分為四章。第一章主要介紹海上拖航的基本情況,如歷史沿革、特征等,接著對拖航合同的法律性質(zhì)進(jìn)行討論,在借鑒前人觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上對海上拖航的法律性質(zhì)及法律適用問題提出自己的見解。該章重點(diǎn)論述海上拖航合同與海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同和海難拖航救助合同的異同點(diǎn),以期避免在理論和實(shí)務(wù)中發(fā)生混淆。 由于損害賠償責(zé)任的承擔(dān),免責(zé)條款的效力問題等都與當(dāng)事人的主要權(quán)利義務(wù)有著密切的關(guān)系,因此,對當(dāng)事人的主要權(quán)利義務(wù)的討論是非常有必要的。第二章的內(nèi)容重點(diǎn)論述承拖雙方的主要權(quán)利義務(wù),如當(dāng)事人的適航適拖的義務(wù)、承拖方的留置權(quán)、當(dāng)事人的解除權(quán)等,并對當(dāng)事人的適航適拖義務(wù)的性質(zhì)做出判斷,以明確當(dāng)事人之間的責(zé)任。 第三章是對海上拖航過程中的損害賠償責(zé)任的論述,以期為拖航實(shí)務(wù)中損害賠償責(zé)任糾紛的解決提供幫助。該章的內(nèi)容分為兩部分,第一部分是拖航過程中的損害賠償責(zé)任的劃分,并對拖航過程中船舶碰撞產(chǎn)生的責(zé)任承擔(dān)問題進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)討論。第二部分是海事賠償責(zé)任限制制度對海上拖航中損害賠償責(zé)任的影響,從海上拖航中享有責(zé)任限制的主體(包括船舶和人)和責(zé)任限額的計(jì)算兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述,并對上述問題提出個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。 第四章是對拖航格式合同的論述。該章的主要內(nèi)容是結(jié)合國內(nèi)外的審判實(shí)踐及世界上比較通用的拖航格式合同,探討在中國法下拖航格式合同中免責(zé)條款的效力問題,并對《英國拖航及其他服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件》及BIMCO2格式"TOWCON"拖航協(xié)議中的若干條款進(jìn)行評論,最后是對《中國拖輪公司拖航合同》與《英國拖航及其他服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件》的大致比較。
[Abstract]:As a form of maritime operation, towing at sea plays an important role in marine transportation. However, relatively speaking, Due to the relatively short period of time in which towing operations have taken place, there has not been a relatively common international treaty and international practice in the field of maritime towing. From the domestic legislation of some countries in the world, most of them do not have any specific legislation for maritime towing. Some are also a small number of articles. Look at our country's legislation, the Maritime Law of our country has made provisions on maritime towing in the space of ten articles in a special chapter, but it has not formed a relatively complete legal system for maritime towing. With the development of the sea, There is a great opportunity for the development of towing at sea, and the disputes caused by towing will increase greatly. Therefore, it is necessary to study some legal problems of towing at sea in detail. Based on the laws and regulations of China, combined with some typical cases at home and abroad, and referring to the international common towing format contract, this paper discusses some legal problems of towing at sea from the aspects of theory and practice. Such as the main rights and obligations of the parties, liability for damages, the effectiveness of exemption clauses, the form of towing contract and other legal issues are discussed in order to provide a basic solution for maritime towing disputes. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the basic situation of sea towing, such as historical evolution, characteristics and so on, and then discusses the legal nature of the towing contract. Based on the previous views, the author puts forward his own opinions on the legal nature and application of maritime towing. This chapter focuses on the similarities and differences between the maritime towing contract and the maritime cargo transport contract and the salvage contract. In order to avoid confusion in theory and practice. As the liability for damages, the effectiveness of exemption clauses and so on are closely related to the main rights and obligations of the parties, therefore, It is very necessary to discuss the main rights and obligations of the parties. The second chapter focuses on the main rights and obligations of the parties, such as the parties' obligations of seaworthiness, the lien of the parties and the right of the parties to discharge, etc. And to judge the nature of the parties' seaworthiness and towing obligations, in order to clarify the responsibilities between the parties. The third chapter discusses the liability for damages in the course of maritime towing, in order to provide help for the settlement of disputes of liability for damages in the practice of towing. The content of this chapter is divided into two parts. The first part is the division of liability for damages in the course of towing. The second part is the impact of the limitation system of maritime liability on the liability for damages in marine towing. This paper expounds the main body (including ship and person) and the calculation of liability limit in sea towing, and puts forward personal views on the above problems. Chapter 4th is a discussion of the towing format contract. The main content of this chapter is to discuss the validity of exemption clauses in the towing format contract under Chinese law, combining the trial practice at home and abroad and the more common towing format contract in the world. This paper also makes a comment on some clauses in the "British tug and other service standard conditions" and the BIMCO2 "TOWCON" towing agreement. Finally, it makes a general comparison between the "China tug Company towing contract" and the "British tug and other Service Standard conditions".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.294;D996.19

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