本文關(guān)鍵詞： 美國(guó)2012版BIT 環(huán)境保護(hù)條款 中美雙邊投資條約　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,同時(shí),經(jīng)過30多年的改革開放,目前我國(guó)對(duì)外投資規(guī)模已經(jīng)躋身世界前十位,作為正在向資本輸出大國(guó)邁進(jìn)的資本輸入大國(guó),日益增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力使其在與美國(guó)的BIT談判中將擁有更多的契合點(diǎn)。在此期間,中美兩國(guó)沒有成功訂立BIT范本的原因是兩國(guó)的實(shí)際國(guó)情不同,立場(chǎng)和維護(hù)的利益有所差別。中國(guó)前期注重外資的數(shù)量,美國(guó)則要求高質(zhì)量的吸引外資。于是這樣,就中美這一次的BIT交涉中,應(yīng)該就環(huán)境保護(hù)條款等公共利益條目全力達(dá)成一致目標(biāo)。就近期效應(yīng)而言,“公共利益規(guī)則諸如環(huán)境保護(hù)和勞工權(quán)益”的擴(kuò)張意味著外資投資成本和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加。但是從長(zhǎng)期效應(yīng)來看,建立在破壞東道國(guó)環(huán)境等公共利益基礎(chǔ)上的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的投資保護(hù)勢(shì)必不能長(zhǎng)久,不顧東道國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的外資最終也會(huì)反噬其身�；诖�,美國(guó)最新版雙邊投資條約范本將環(huán)境保護(hù)條款的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上升了一個(gè)檔次,實(shí)行更加嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境保護(hù)模式,無(wú)疑對(duì)中國(guó)等發(fā)展中國(guó)家的投資活動(dòng)帶來許多影響。由于中國(guó)在投資活動(dòng)中身份的逐步轉(zhuǎn)變,怎樣處理投資活動(dòng)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的關(guān)系,需要更深入的研究。環(huán)境保護(hù)條款的合理適用無(wú)論對(duì)于東道國(guó)、投資者還是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展都是有利的,我們應(yīng)該充分認(rèn)識(shí)到環(huán)境保護(hù)條款的重要性�；诖�,筆者最開始分析了環(huán)境保護(hù)條款在BIT中所處的法律地位。明確環(huán)境保護(hù)條款的性質(zhì)(政策性取向)才能對(duì)其的法律作用有良好的認(rèn)知,做到有的放矢。同時(shí)論述了環(huán)境保護(hù)條款的設(shè)計(jì)模式,從側(cè)面說明了在不同的設(shè)計(jì)模式下環(huán)境保護(hù)條款的法律效力。接下來,筆者對(duì)美國(guó)最新版BIT范本中的環(huán)境保護(hù)條款進(jìn)行探索和評(píng)價(jià)。闡述了其產(chǎn)生的背景:經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化帶來的負(fù)面影響以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則的深刻影響,使人民對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)日益關(guān)注。通過新舊BIT范本的對(duì)比,明確了新范本對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的強(qiáng)化,最終筆者也對(duì)美國(guó)BIT范本中加入環(huán)境保護(hù)條款的目的進(jìn)行了論述。正如所有的事物都有兩面性,環(huán)境保護(hù)條款的納入給中國(guó)帶來積極影響的同時(shí),也增加我國(guó)對(duì)外投資活動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)�？偠灾�,2012版BIT范本是作為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的美國(guó)在其自身利益的立場(chǎng)上擬定的投資法制。雖然有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn),但是我們面對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)條款的立場(chǎng)便是認(rèn)識(shí)且接受它,并把它納入到中美BIT的談判中來。
[Abstract]:China is the largest developing country in the world. At the same time, after more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China's scale of overseas investment has already ranked among the top 10 in the world. Growing economic power will give it more common ground in the BIT negotiations with the United States. During this period, China and the United States did not succeed in establishing the BIT model because the actual conditions of the two countries are different. There are differences between the positions and the interests to be safeguarded. China paid attention to the quantity of foreign investment in the early stage, while the United States demanded high-quality foreign investment. So, in this case, in the BIT negotiations between China and the United States, Public interest items such as environmental protection clauses should be fully agreed. In terms of near-term effects, the expansion of "public interest rules such as environmental protection and labour rights" means an increase in the cost and risk of foreign investment. But in the long run, A high standard of investment protection based on undermining the environment of the host country and other public interests is bound to be unsustainable, and foreign investment that disregards the sustainable economic and social development of the host country will eventually erode itself. Based on this, The latest version of the US model bilateral investment treaty has raised the standard of the environmental protection clause to a more stringent environmental protection model. There is no doubt that there is a lot of impact on the investment activities of China and other developing countries. As China gradually changes its identity in investment activities, how to deal with the relationship between investment activities and the goal of sustainable development? The rational application of environmental protection provisions is beneficial to the healthy development of the host country, investors and the world economy, and we should fully recognize the importance of environmental protection provisions. The author begins to analyze the legal status of environmental protection clauses in BIT. Only by making clear the nature of environmental protection clauses (policy sexual orientation) can we have a good understanding of its legal role. At the same time, it discusses the design mode of environmental protection clauses, and explains the legal effect of environmental protection clauses in different design modes. The author explores and evaluates the environmental protection clauses in the latest version of the BIT model of the United States, and expounds its background: the negative impact of economic globalization and the profound impact of the principle of sustainable development. Make the people pay more and more attention to the environmental protection. Through the comparison of the new and the old BIT model, it is clear that the new model strengthens the environmental protection. Finally, the author also discusses the purpose of adding environmental protection clauses in the BIT model of the United States. Just as all things have two sides, the inclusion of environmental protection clauses has a positive impact on China at the same time. It also increases the risk of our country's outward investment activities. In a word, the 2012 BIT model is an investment legal system developed by the United States as a developed country in its own interests. Although there are risks and challenges, But our position in the face of the environmental protection clause is to recognize and accept it and incorporate it into the BIT negotiations between China and the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

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