本文關(guān)鍵詞： 跟單信用證 嚴(yán)格相符原則 審單標(biāo)準(zhǔn) UCP600　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：長期以來,信用證交易一直活躍在世界經(jīng)貿(mào)往來中,信用證規(guī)范性文件自確立以來也幾經(jīng)修訂依然在國際貿(mào)易中保持其無可替代的優(yōu)越性和實(shí)用性。由于各國中關(guān)于信用證的法律微乎其微,《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》成為國際廣泛認(rèn)可和尊重的重要成文慣例,與時(shí)俱進(jìn)可謂是其最突出的特點(diǎn)之一,2007年《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》最新修訂版(UCP600)出臺(tái),較之前版本變動(dòng)較大,篇幅大為精簡(jiǎn),呈現(xiàn)出內(nèi)容明確化、語氣肯定化、重點(diǎn)突出化,操作性更強(qiáng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 雖然如此,信用證在銀行審單過程中的爭(zhēng)議依然顯著,圍繞的中心主要在于對(duì)信用證審單原則的把握,雖然UCP600中未明文規(guī)定適用何審單原則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但就其始終對(duì)信用證付款獨(dú)立性、確定性、迅捷性、高效低成本性的追求即可知國際商會(huì)認(rèn)可的是嚴(yán)格相符原則和嚴(yán)格相符審單標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這是符合絕大多數(shù)國家實(shí)踐和少數(shù)有成文立法國家的立法要求的,嚴(yán)格相符是信用證存在的根基,其將始終處于信用證審單的主流地位,同時(shí)嚴(yán)格相符審單標(biāo)準(zhǔn)會(huì)通過國際商會(huì)的規(guī)定逐漸寬松化并更易于操作,且國際各國的認(rèn)識(shí)也將逐漸統(tǒng)一化、規(guī)范化。 目前對(duì)于審單原則的爭(zhēng)論主要源于嚴(yán)格相符原則易于定義而難于理解和把握的特點(diǎn),對(duì)該原則在實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用遠(yuǎn)比成文法的規(guī)定重要,所以就國內(nèi)立法而言我們應(yīng)做到有所為,有所不為。同時(shí)需要通過可行方式使嚴(yán)格相符原則的使用普遍化,并允許過程中出現(xiàn)小的瑕疵,另外還應(yīng)積極收集、編纂國內(nèi)外有關(guān)信用證嚴(yán)格相符原則和審單標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的案例及資料,供相關(guān)人士學(xué)習(xí)參考,以在促進(jìn)信用證實(shí)務(wù)順利發(fā)展的同時(shí),謹(jǐn)防嚴(yán)格相符原則的惡意濫用。 眾所周知銀行審單工作是信用證交易的核心,但因?yàn)閷弳卧瓌t的難以把握性和各當(dāng)事人利益在審單環(huán)節(jié)中的體現(xiàn),信用證審單標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的確立和發(fā)展應(yīng)擺脫單純對(duì)嚴(yán)格相符的理解,而應(yīng)以信用證存在的幾項(xiàng)原則綜合為指導(dǎo),任何審單標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的爭(zhēng)論或某審單行為的判斷都應(yīng)以這些原則是否受到動(dòng)搖為判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),一旦有可能威脅信用證存在根基即獨(dú)立抽象性原則、付款確定性原則、付款迅捷性原則和付款高效低成本性原則的,都應(yīng)摒棄或否定。 對(duì)于銀行審單原則和審單標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究正是為了規(guī)范和統(tǒng)一銀行審單行為,降低銀行拒付率,進(jìn)一步彰顯信用證交易的優(yōu)點(diǎn),提高信用證利用率。所以,銀行應(yīng)作為獨(dú)立的第三方對(duì)單據(jù)的表面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行審核,而不是簡(jiǎn)單地校對(duì),審單過程需要積極思考和判斷,這就要求銀行的審單員必須是單證文件的專家,并且具備普通的常識(shí),同時(shí)還能夠獨(dú)立地做出決定。不僅如此,為了降低銀行審單的拒付率,營造良好的國際貿(mào)易環(huán)境,信用證的交易雙方當(dāng)事人還應(yīng)在信用證開立之前就信用證內(nèi)容及其項(xiàng)下要求單據(jù)進(jìn)行全面、友好地溝通和協(xié)商,將信用證交易過程中可能引發(fā)的問題解決在信用證開立之前,之后雙方即明確了信用證中的規(guī)定,則應(yīng)嚴(yán)格依照規(guī)定行事,避免在銀行審單過程中出現(xiàn)問題遭致拒付。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the credit transaction has been active in the world economic and trade exchanges, credit regulatory documents are revised several times since the establishment still maintain the practicability and superiority of its irreplaceable in international trade. Because the law very little on credit in all countries, "UCP" has become an important rule widely recognized and respect, the times is one of the most prominent features, 2007 "UCP500" newly revised edition (UCP600) introduced, compared to the previous version of a larger change, I was streamlined, showing clear content, positive tone, highlighting the development trend, more practical.
Nevertheless, the dispute of credit in the bank's process is still significant, around the center depends mainly on auditing credit principles, although UCP600 does not expressly apply what the examination principle and standard, but its always on credit independence, uncertainty, swiftness, high efficiency and low cost of the pursuit of that the International Chamber of Commerce recognized that strict compliance principle and strict compliance with the standard of examination of documents, which is consistent with the practice of most countries and a few legislative requirements in written law countries, strict compliance with the letter of credit is the foundation of existence, the mainstream position will always be in the examination of documents, and strict compliance standard for examination of documents through the provisions of the International Chamber of commerce gradually relaxed and easy to operate, and the understanding of the various countries of the world will be gradually unified, standardized.
The current debate about the principle of trial is mainly due to the principle of strict compliance is easy to define and hard to understand and grasp the characteristics of the application of the principle in practice than the provisions of the statute, so the domestic legislation we should do something to do, something not. At the same time needed by the feasible way to make use of principle of strict compliance generally, and allow small flaws appear in the process, also should be collected at home and abroad, compiling the relevant credit information case and strict compliance principle and the standard for examination of documents, for the relevant parties to learn reference in promoting the smooth development of credit practice at the same time, the principle of strict compliance to guard against malicious abuse.
As everyone knows the bank's work is the core of credit transaction, but because of the principle of trial is difficult to grasp and the interests of the parties in the examination of documents in the process of establishment and development of the standard of examination of documents should be simple to strict compliance and understanding, several principles should be present in the credit comprehensive guidance of any standard for examination of documents the argument or a trial judgment should be based on the behavior of these principles is shaken as the judgment standard, once the credit foundation that could threaten the independence principle, the principle of certainty of payment and quick payment, the payment of the principle of high efficiency and low cost, should be abandoned or rejected.
Study on the bank's principles and standards of examination is to standardize and unify the bank's behavior, reduce bank chargeback rate, further highlighting the advantages of credit, improve credit utilization. Therefore, the bank should act as an independent third party content on the document surface for review, rather than simply checking, trial process positive thinking and judgment, it requires the bank examination must be expert documents, and have the common sense, but also be able to independently make decisions. Not only that, in order to reduce the bank's rate of non payment, to create a good international trade environment, credit trading parties should also be in the credit before the letter of credit under the content and requirements of documents to conduct a comprehensive, friendly communication and negotiation, the credit transaction process may lead to solve the problem in the open letter of credit Before and after the two sides is clearly stipulated in the credit, should be strictly in accordance with the provisions in the act, to avoid the bank's problems in the process of being caused by payment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1;F740.4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 包小妹;燕如萍;曹洋波;;信用證保兌業(yè)務(wù)中保兌行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范研究[J];中國商貿(mào);2013年15期

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本文編號(hào)：1532420