本文關(guān)鍵詞： 國際核污染爭端 法律解決 《核安全公約》　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著人類對替代性資源的不斷探索，各國加快了對核能開發(fā)利用的步伐，核能自身的特殊性使其對人類及環(huán)境的影響超越了國界的范圍。如何處理核污染而引起的國家間矛盾已成為國際社會(huì)不可回避的重要課題。在核污染事故的波及范圍不斷擴(kuò)大，危害程度日益嚴(yán)重的國際背景之下，，建立一整套具有可操作性的國際爭端解決的法律機(jī)制，一方面，便于實(shí)現(xiàn)對受害國及其國民的賠償，并為此類爭端的解決提供國際判例依據(jù)；另一方面，有助于預(yù)防核事故的再次發(fā)生，促進(jìn)各國在保障核能安全開發(fā)與利用方面的國際合作。 國際核污染爭端的基本特征作為論文的切入點(diǎn)，以日本福島核事故為研究視角，然后從核污染爭端法律解決的國際司法實(shí)踐與國際法規(guī)范兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行分析論證，探索運(yùn)用國際司法程序解決核污染爭端的可行性，提出完善《核安全公約》的同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)制管轄權(quán)，并建立國際核污染損害的基金賠償組織來解決現(xiàn)有國際核污染爭端解決機(jī)制的法律困境。并在此基礎(chǔ)之上闡述了我國應(yīng)從完善核安全法律體系、簽署雙邊爭端解決協(xié)定、建立核污染監(jiān)測預(yù)警體系、提高國民的核安全意識四個(gè)方面來應(yīng)對核污染國際爭端，并有效利用國際司法解決機(jī)制維護(hù)我國的合法權(quán)益。 依據(jù)比較研究法和規(guī)范分析法，對國際法院和國際海洋法庭在處理類似核污染爭端的司法實(shí)踐案例進(jìn)行分析，得出現(xiàn)有的解決核污染爭端的兩大國際司法機(jī)構(gòu)在處理爭端方面仍有自身的局限性：國際法院的管轄權(quán)僅限于國家，而國際海洋法庭受理此類案件沒有管轄權(quán)依據(jù)。同時(shí)，在有關(guān)核污染爭端解決的公約體系中，《核安全公約》的規(guī)定顯得過于原則，盡管《核事故或輻射緊急情況援助公約》與《核事故及早通報(bào)公約》中規(guī)定了爭端解決的方式，但只適用于有關(guān)在核事故發(fā)生以后負(fù)有及早通報(bào)義務(wù)或援助義務(wù)的國家是否履行義務(wù)而引發(fā)的爭端。因此，有必要補(bǔ)充締結(jié)國際核污染爭端解決程序規(guī)則，明確限定解決程序各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的時(shí)間安排，并將其作為《核安全公約》附則的內(nèi)容，力求從完善實(shí)體法律、優(yōu)化職能機(jī)構(gòu)、建立爭端解決程序規(guī)則三個(gè)方面相互協(xié)調(diào)，達(dá)到促使?fàn)幎擞行Ы鉀Q的效果。
[Abstract]:With the continuous exploration of alternative resources, countries have accelerated the pace of the development and utilization of nuclear energy. The particularity of nuclear energy itself makes its impact on human beings and the environment beyond the scope of national boundaries. How to deal with the conflicts between countries caused by nuclear pollution has become an important issue that cannot be avoided by the international community. The scope is expanding. In the international context of increasingly serious harm, the establishment of a set of operational international dispute settlement legal mechanism, on the one hand, to achieve compensation to the injured State and its nationals. And to provide the basis of international jurisprudence for the settlement of such disputes; On the other hand, it helps to prevent the recurrence of nuclear accidents and promote international cooperation in the safe development and use of nuclear energy. The basic characteristics of the international nuclear pollution dispute as the entry point of the paper, from the perspective of the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan. Then from the nuclear pollution dispute legal settlement of international judicial practice and the norms of international law to analyze the feasibility of using international judicial procedures to resolve nuclear pollution dispute. At the same time, we should strengthen the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Atomic Energy Agency. And establish the international nuclear pollution damage fund compensation organization to solve the existing international nuclear pollution dispute settlement mechanism of the legal dilemma, and on this basis elaborated that our country should improve the legal system of nuclear safety. The signing of bilateral dispute settlement agreement, the establishment of nuclear pollution monitoring and early warning system, and the enhancement of national nuclear safety awareness are four aspects to deal with international nuclear pollution disputes. And the effective use of international judicial settlement mechanism to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of China. According to the comparative research method and normative analysis method, this paper analyzes the judicial practice cases of the International Court of Justice and the International Maritime Tribunal in dealing with similar nuclear pollution disputes. It is concluded that the two existing international judicial bodies for the settlement of nuclear pollution disputes still have their own limitations in dealing with disputes: the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice is limited to States. At the same time, in the nuclear pollution dispute settlement convention system, the provisions of the Convention on Nuclear Safety appear to be too principled. Although the Convention on Assistance in the case of a Nuclear accident or Radiological Emergency and the Convention on early Notification of a Nuclear accident provide for the modalities of dispute settlement. However, it applies only to disputes arising from the fulfilment of obligations by States with an obligation of early notification or assistance following a nuclear accident... it is therefore necessary to supplement the rules of procedure for the settlement of international nuclear pollution disputes. Clearly define the time schedule of each link of the settlement procedure, and regard it as the content of the supplementary provisions of the Convention on Nuclear Safety, and strive to perfect the substantive law and optimize the functional institutions. The three aspects of dispute settlement procedure should be coordinated in order to promote the effective settlement of disputes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D999.2

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