發(fā)布時間：2018-01-25 12:14

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 海商法 承運(yùn)人 實(shí)際承運(yùn)人 無船承運(yùn)人 貨損　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前調(diào)整海上貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)膰H公約主要有《海牙規(guī)則》、《維斯比規(guī)則》和《漢堡規(guī)則》。這三個國際公約是在不同的航運(yùn)發(fā)展階段、由代表不同利益的國家所締結(jié)。這三個公約對于承運(yùn)人的歸責(zé)原則、責(zé)任范圍、責(zé)任限制等問題的規(guī)定存在較大差異，客觀上造成承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度在規(guī)則層面上的混亂和沖突。我國雖未加入以上公約，但《中華人民共和國海商法》結(jié)合中國國情并在吸收了以上三個國際公約的基礎(chǔ)上形成了具有中國特色的海事制度。承運(yùn)人和實(shí)際承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度是其中的有機(jī)組成部分。它直接調(diào)整船貨雙方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。在國際海事司法實(shí)踐中，絕大多數(shù)案例的爭論焦點(diǎn)均集中在承運(yùn)人、實(shí)際承運(yùn)人和貨方是否要承擔(dān)責(zé)任以及各方所承擔(dān)責(zé)任的范圍等問題上。換言之，承運(yùn)人和實(shí)際承運(yùn)人制度是整個海上貨物運(yùn)輸立法的核心。隨著國際海運(yùn)分工的細(xì)化，出現(xiàn)了無船承運(yùn)人，他們雖然與貨主簽訂運(yùn)輸合同，但是自己并不擁有船舶，而是將運(yùn)輸任務(wù)委托給實(shí)際承運(yùn)人。實(shí)際承運(yùn)人制度誕生于《漢堡規(guī)則》，我國將該制度引入《海商法》，但是有關(guān)實(shí)際承運(yùn)人的規(guī)定尚欠完善。 本案是近年國際海事司法實(shí)踐中的一個典型案例。由于涉案貨損價值高、涉案方多、爭議焦點(diǎn)大，取證難等，，該案審理前后長達(dá)2年之久。該案原告（太平洋日升國際公司）和被告（海貿(mào)國際運(yùn)輸有限公司、上海泛亞航運(yùn)有限公司和中遠(yuǎn)集裝箱運(yùn)輸有限公司）的爭議主要圍繞被告是否需要承擔(dān)原告所主張的貨損而展開。爭議焦點(diǎn)有泛亞公司是否為適格訴訟主體、承運(yùn)人與實(shí)際承運(yùn)人是否盡到了適航義務(wù)以及承運(yùn)人與實(shí)際承運(yùn)人是否盡到了管貨義務(wù)。針對性地剖析了爭議焦點(diǎn)后，本文認(rèn)為作為航運(yùn)大國和貿(mào)易大國，我國欲在國際航運(yùn)事業(yè)中發(fā)揮自身的積極作用，必須加強(qiáng)對承運(yùn)人和實(shí)際承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的研究。既要充分了解國際海事公約和其他國家海事立法的內(nèi)容、平衡貨方和船方的關(guān)系，也要從國際海事司法實(shí)踐中把握立法動態(tài)，就承運(yùn)人和實(shí)際承運(yùn)人責(zé)任的爭議焦點(diǎn)問題找出切實(shí)可行的辦法，力求將現(xiàn)行的海商法律制度朝著更加科學(xué)化、完善化目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:At present, the international conventions regulating the carriage of goods by sea mainly include the Hague rules, the Visby rules and the Hamburg rules. These three international conventions are in different stages of shipping development. The three conventions have different provisions on the liability principle, scope of liability, limitation of liability and so on. Objectively, the carrier liability system in the rules of confusion and conflict. Although China has not acceded to the above conventions. However, the Maritime Law of the people's Republic of China combined with China's national conditions and absorbing the three international conventions has formed a maritime regime with Chinese characteristics. The liability system of carrier and actual carrier is an organic part of it. Component. It directly adjusts the rights and obligations of both parties... In international maritime judicial practice. In most cases, the dispute focuses on the carrier, whether the actual carrier and the cargo party should bear the responsibility and the scope of the liability of the parties. In other words. The system of carrier and actual carrier is the core of the whole legislation of the carriage of goods by sea. With the refinement of the division of labor in international maritime transportation, there is a non-ship carrier, although they have signed a contract of carriage with the owner of the goods. But they do not own the ship, but the transport task entrusted to the actual carrier. The actual carrier system was born in the Hamburg rules, China will introduce this system into Maritime Law. However, the provisions of the actual carrier are still imperfect. This case is a typical case in the international maritime judicial practice in recent years. The trial lasted up to two years. The plaintiff (Pacific Risher International) and the defendant (International Maritime Transport Co., Ltd.). Shanghai Pan Asia Shipping Co., Ltd and Cosco Container Transportation Co., Ltd.) the dispute mainly revolves around whether the defendant should bear the damage claimed by the plaintiff. The focus of the dispute is whether the Pan Asia Company is the suitably litigant. Whether the carrier and the actual carrier have fulfilled the seaworthiness obligation, and whether the carrier and the actual carrier have fulfilled the duty to manage the cargo. After analyzing the focus of the dispute, this paper thinks that as a big shipping country and a big trading country, the carrier and the actual carrier have fulfilled their obligations of seaworthiness. In order to play an active role in the international shipping industry, China must strengthen the research on the liability system of carriers and actual carriers. It is necessary to fully understand the content of international maritime conventions and maritime legislation of other countries. In order to balance the relationship between the cargo party and the ship side, we should grasp the legislative development from the international maritime judicial practice, and find out the feasible method on the focus of the dispute between the carrier and the actual carrier. Strive to make the current legal system of maritime commerce more scientific and perfect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D996.19;D922.294

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本文編號：1462816