本文關(guān)鍵詞：《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》第121條研究　出處：《安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》 島礁爭(zhēng)端 條款解釋

【摘要】：《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》第121條是關(guān)于島嶼及其法律地位的相關(guān)規(guī)定。島嶼一詞從單純的地理范疇到進(jìn)入到國(guó)際法范疇,島嶼在現(xiàn)代海洋中的地位日益凸顯。1982年《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《公約》)的確立,開(kāi)創(chuàng)了海權(quán)控制陸權(quán)的全新時(shí)代:在《公約》第121條中中明確賦予非巖礁島嶼與陸地相當(dāng)?shù)姆傻匚�。各主�?quán)國(guó)家受到利益驅(qū)使,紛紛覬覦島嶼所擁有海域中的豐富的資源以及其背后所蘊(yùn)藏的重要政治、軍事戰(zhàn)略地位。本文論述的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)為:首先,本文在回顧總結(jié)《公約》121條歷史形成之前提下,從歷史的角度了解《公約》該條款產(chǎn)生過(guò)程,尤其是分析各國(guó)對(duì)于島嶼的界定過(guò)程時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的不同角度的爭(zhēng)辯,從而有助于尋求制度運(yùn)用過(guò)程中所產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題的解決辦法。其次,在綜合國(guó)家以及國(guó)際法庭對(duì)于島礁沖突解決的實(shí)踐中,近一步引申分析海洋法公約中該條款所存在的缺陷,包括內(nèi)在立法層面的邏輯斷層,巖礁定義的缺失,“人工島嶼”與“自然形成”的程度區(qū)分不明確,維持“人類(lèi)生活”,“經(jīng)濟(jì)生活”的解釋方式以及具體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在在眾多的分歧等等。根據(jù)眾多學(xué)者的不同觀(guān)點(diǎn),本文堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)始終堅(jiān)持整體善意解釋的原則,將《公約》121條作為整體考慮,將巖礁視為特殊類(lèi)型的島嶼或直接放棄巖礁的概念;將“人類(lèi)居住”與“經(jīng)濟(jì)生活”分別分開(kāi)考慮,并根II據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)條件,采取擴(kuò)大解釋的方式,以長(zhǎng)期、穩(wěn)定的居住為條件,并適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用周邊海域的資源作為維持生活的必要手段,以此來(lái)判定是否符合島嶼的構(gòu)成要件。此外,就《公約》121條的完善層面來(lái)說(shuō),應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快明確“巖礁”、“島嶼”的邏輯關(guān)系,明確“居住”、“人類(lèi)日常生活”的量化具體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),設(shè)定島嶼分類(lèi)明確的方法,將《公約》的島嶼制度變得更加切實(shí)可行,以期各國(guó)對(duì)《公約》的充分尊重和執(zhí)行,將《公約》的解釋最大化地符合時(shí)代的發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)以及各國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)的現(xiàn)實(shí)、趨勢(shì)。面對(duì)現(xiàn)存嚴(yán)峻的海洋形勢(shì),中國(guó)作為一個(gè)最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,應(yīng)當(dāng)在堅(jiān)持共同開(kāi)發(fā)原則的基礎(chǔ)之上,在和平友好發(fā)展的時(shí)代大背景之下,堅(jiān)守好自己的藍(lán)色國(guó)土,面對(duì)島礁爭(zhēng)端采取積極、合理、合法的應(yīng)對(duì)策略。不違背公約,堅(jiān)守好自己的責(zé)任與擔(dān)當(dāng),維護(hù)我國(guó)的海洋主權(quán),從海洋大國(guó)向海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)邁進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:Article 121 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea refers to the relevant provisions concerning islands and their legal status... the term islands goes from purely geographical to international law. In 1982, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) was established. It ushered in a new era of sea power control over land power: in article 121 of the Convention, non-reef islands were explicitly accorded a legal status comparable to land, and sovereign States were motivated by interests. One after another, they covet the rich resources in the sea area owned by the islands and the important political and military strategic position behind them. The logical structure discussed in this paper is as follows: first of all. On the premise of reviewing and summarizing the history of 121 articles of the Convention, this article understands the process of the article from the historical point of view. In particular, the analysis of States' arguments about the different perspectives arising from the process of defining islands will help to find solutions to the problems arising from the application of the system. Secondly. In the practice of integrated national and international tribunals for the settlement of conflicts between islands and reefs, it is further extended to analyze the shortcomings of this provision in UNCLOS, including the inherent legislative logic fault and the lack of the definition of rock reef. The degree of "artificial islands" and "natural formation" is not clear, maintaining "human life". The interpretation of "economic life" and concrete standards exist in many differences. According to the different views of many scholars, this paper insists that the principle of overall good faith should always be adhered to. (a) to consider article 121 of the Convention as a whole, to treat reefs as special types of islands or to give up the concept of reefs directly; "Human habitation" and "economic life" are considered separately, and the root II, according to the actual conditions, adopts the way of expanding interpretation, taking long-term, stable residence as the condition. And appropriate use of the surrounding sea resources as a necessary means of living, to determine whether it conforms to the constituent elements of the island. In addition, as far as the perfection of Article 121 of the Convention is concerned. The logical relationship between "rock reef" and "island" should be clarified as soon as possible, the quantitative and specific criteria of "residence" and "daily life of human beings" should be clearly defined, and a clear method of island classification should be established. To make the island system of the Convention more practical, with a view to its full respect and implementation by all States, and to maximize the interpretation of the Convention in keeping with the developments of the times and the realities of national development. Facing the grim marine situation, China, as the largest developing country, should adhere to the principle of common development, under the background of the era of peaceful and friendly development. Adhere to their blue land, face the dispute over islands and reefs to take a positive, reasonable, legal response strategy. Do not violate the Convention, adhere to their responsibilities and responsibilities, safeguard our maritime sovereignty. From a sea power to a sea power.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D993.5

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本文編號(hào)：1419151