論我國有限責(zé)任公司股權(quán)善意取得的適用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-25 04:11
【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，市場對(duì)于維護(hù)交易安全的需求也不斷增加。善意取得制度是市場誕生的產(chǎn)物，其本質(zhì)上是在原所有權(quán)人和善意買受人之間尋找利益的均衡點(diǎn)。善意取得制度適用于物權(quán)已無可厚非，可有限責(zé)任公司的股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓是否適用于善意取得制度還存在著爭議，肯定者認(rèn)為股權(quán)適用善意取得制度有助于維護(hù)交易的安全，，而否定者認(rèn)為該制度會(huì)侵犯原股東的利益。2011年2月16日頒布了《最高人民法院關(guān)于適用〈中華人民共和國公司法〉若干問題的規(guī)定(三)》（《公司法解釋(三)》），第25條至第28條規(guī)定確立股權(quán)善意取得制度,這是史無前例的創(chuàng)舉，似乎支持把善意取得制度類推適用到股權(quán)上，但該司法解釋尚未給出股權(quán)善意取得制度適用的合理依據(jù)和認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也沒有指出具體的適用情形。 本文在肯定股權(quán)善意取得制度存在價(jià)值的基礎(chǔ)上，以目前實(shí)踐中常見的有限責(zé)任公司為例，對(duì)有限責(zé)任公司股權(quán)善意取得制度的現(xiàn)有規(guī)范進(jìn)行了分析，以股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的特殊性為基礎(chǔ)，并結(jié)合物權(quán)法上的善意取得制度，綜合運(yùn)用邏輯分析，理論比較及法律解釋等方法，探究股權(quán)在理論上是否有適用善意取得制度的可能及其認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并列舉出在實(shí)踐中股權(quán)適用善意取得的具體情形及其例外。 本文首先在對(duì)物權(quán)善意取得理論進(jìn)行闡釋的基礎(chǔ)之上提出股權(quán)是否適用善意取得制度的疑問；因?yàn)楣蓹?quán)的變動(dòng)方式有別于物權(quán)的變動(dòng)方式，所以本文要重點(diǎn)討論股權(quán)的變動(dòng)模式，在進(jìn)行充分的論證后筆者認(rèn)為股權(quán)變動(dòng)應(yīng)遵循的是意思主義的變動(dòng)模式。然后著重分析有限責(zé)任公司股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓中善意取得與物權(quán)善意取得的構(gòu)成要件的異同。因?yàn)楣蓹?quán)善意取得與物權(quán)善意取得有很多相似之處，也可以說股權(quán)的善意取得源于物權(quán)的善意取得，所以二者的構(gòu)成要件可以相互借鑒。本部分以《物權(quán)法》第106條規(guī)定的善意取得的構(gòu)成要件為基礎(chǔ)，通過分析和比較得出股權(quán)善意取得的構(gòu)成要件為：第一，讓與人須是無權(quán)處分股權(quán)的人；第二，受讓人須為善意且無重大過失，這里存在善意時(shí)間點(diǎn)的確定及善意的舉證責(zé)任問題；第三，以合理價(jià)格轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)；第四，受讓人已被登記為股權(quán)人。通過上述對(duì)比分析得出在理論上股權(quán)有適用善意取得制度的可能。最后就是把理論應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐，闡述股權(quán)善意取得適用的具體情形及例外，該部分也是本文的重點(diǎn)章節(jié)。首先分情況論述股權(quán)善意取得適用的具體情形，如典型的“一股二賣”、隱名出資中名義股東無權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)等情形。然后又闡述了一些例外情形，如：冒名登記情形下轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)、虛假出資的股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)、干股股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)。 最后，本文在結(jié)論部分強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)于有限責(zé)任公司股權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓，在理論上有適用善意取得制度的充分依據(jù)，具有可行性；在實(shí)踐中也有適用善意取得制度的具體情形，有可操作性。由于本人缺乏扎實(shí)的理論功底，論文在理論支撐上還存在不足，只求能為股權(quán)善意取得制度的完善盡綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the demand of the market for the maintenance of transaction security is also increasing. The system of good faith is the product of the birth of the market, and its essence is to find the point of interest between the original owner and the goodwill buyer. The bona fide acquisition system is applicable to the real right, and the transfer of the equity of the limited liability company is applicable to the bona fide acquisition system. The negative person is of the view that the system will violate the interests of the original shareholders. On February 16,2011, the provisions of the Supreme People's Court on the application of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China on a number of issues (3)> (the Company Law Interpretation (III)>) were issued. Articles 25 to 28 provide for the establishment of a system of good faith acquisition, which is an unprecedented undertaking, and it appears to support the application of the goodwill acquisition system to the equity, but the judicial interpretation has not given the reasonable basis and criteria for the application of the system of good faith acquisition. No specific application was noted. On the basis of the value of the system of positive equity acquisition, this paper, taking the common limited liability company in the present practice as an example, analyzes the existing specifications of the system of the acquisition of the equity interest of the limited liability company, and based on the particularity of the equity transfer On the basis of the system of good faith in the property law, the author makes a comprehensive use of the methods of logic analysis, theoretical comparison and legal interpretation. The concrete circumstances and examples of the good faith in the application of the equity in practice are listed in parallel. On the basis of the interpretation of the theory of the bona fide acquisition of real right, this paper puts forward the question of whether the equity is applicable to the system of good faith. Because the change of the equity is different from the change of the real right, the paper will focus on the change of the equity. The author holds that the change of equity should follow the change of the meaning. In this paper, the author analyzes the composition of the bona fide acquisition and the bona fide acquisition of the real right in the equity transfer of the limited liability company. The similarities and differences between the good faith of the equity and the good will of the real right can also be said that the good faith of the equity can be obtained from the good faith of the real right, so the constituent elements of both can be For reference, this part is based on the constituent elements of the good faith obtained in the Property Law> Article 106, and through the analysis and comparison, the constituent elements of the goodwill acquisition are as follows: first, the owner is the person who has no right to dispose of the equity; and the second, the assignee shall be in good faith and no weight. In the event of a major fault, there is a determination of the point of good faith and the question of the burden of proof in good faith; thirdly, the transfer of the equity at a reasonable price; and fourthly, the assignee has been registered as Equity person. Through the above-mentioned comparative analysis, it is concluded that there is a good bona fide acquisition system in the theory The last is to apply the theory to the practice, to explain the specific situation and the exception of the application of the good will of the equity, this part is also the weight of this paper. Point section. First of all, discuss the specific situations where the equity will be applied, such as the typical "a share of two", and the nominal shareholders in the hidden capital contribution shall not have the right to transfer the equity. In addition, some exceptions are set forth, such as the transfer of the equity in the case of the name registration, the transfer of the equity of the shareholders with the false capital contribution, and the transfer of the shares of the dry shares. Finally, in the conclusion, this paper emphasizes that the transfer of the equity of the limited liability company has the feasibility of applying the system of good faith in theory, and in practice there is a specific situation in which the system of good will be applied. As a result of the lack of solid theoretical foundation, the thesis has insufficient theoretical support, and can only find a perfect system for the good will of the stock right.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.291.91;D923.2
本文編號(hào)：2485475
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the demand of the market for the maintenance of transaction security is also increasing. The system of good faith is the product of the birth of the market, and its essence is to find the point of interest between the original owner and the goodwill buyer. The bona fide acquisition system is applicable to the real right, and the transfer of the equity of the limited liability company is applicable to the bona fide acquisition system. The negative person is of the view that the system will violate the interests of the original shareholders. On February 16,2011, the provisions of the Supreme People's Court on the application of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China on a number of issues (3)> (the Company Law Interpretation (III)>) were issued. Articles 25 to 28 provide for the establishment of a system of good faith acquisition, which is an unprecedented undertaking, and it appears to support the application of the goodwill acquisition system to the equity, but the judicial interpretation has not given the reasonable basis and criteria for the application of the system of good faith acquisition. No specific application was noted. On the basis of the value of the system of positive equity acquisition, this paper, taking the common limited liability company in the present practice as an example, analyzes the existing specifications of the system of the acquisition of the equity interest of the limited liability company, and based on the particularity of the equity transfer On the basis of the system of good faith in the property law, the author makes a comprehensive use of the methods of logic analysis, theoretical comparison and legal interpretation. The concrete circumstances and examples of the good faith in the application of the equity in practice are listed in parallel. On the basis of the interpretation of the theory of the bona fide acquisition of real right, this paper puts forward the question of whether the equity is applicable to the system of good faith. Because the change of the equity is different from the change of the real right, the paper will focus on the change of the equity. The author holds that the change of equity should follow the change of the meaning. In this paper, the author analyzes the composition of the bona fide acquisition and the bona fide acquisition of the real right in the equity transfer of the limited liability company. The similarities and differences between the good faith of the equity and the good will of the real right can also be said that the good faith of the equity can be obtained from the good faith of the real right, so the constituent elements of both can be For reference, this part is based on the constituent elements of the good faith obtained in the Property Law> Article 106, and through the analysis and comparison, the constituent elements of the goodwill acquisition are as follows: first, the owner is the person who has no right to dispose of the equity; and the second, the assignee shall be in good faith and no weight. In the event of a major fault, there is a determination of the point of good faith and the question of the burden of proof in good faith; thirdly, the transfer of the equity at a reasonable price; and fourthly, the assignee has been registered as Equity person. Through the above-mentioned comparative analysis, it is concluded that there is a good bona fide acquisition system in the theory The last is to apply the theory to the practice, to explain the specific situation and the exception of the application of the good will of the equity, this part is also the weight of this paper. Point section. First of all, discuss the specific situations where the equity will be applied, such as the typical "a share of two", and the nominal shareholders in the hidden capital contribution shall not have the right to transfer the equity. In addition, some exceptions are set forth, such as the transfer of the equity in the case of the name registration, the transfer of the equity of the shareholders with the false capital contribution, and the transfer of the shares of the dry shares. Finally, in the conclusion, this paper emphasizes that the transfer of the equity of the limited liability company has the feasibility of applying the system of good faith in theory, and in practice there is a specific situation in which the system of good will be applied. As a result of the lack of solid theoretical foundation, the thesis has insufficient theoretical support, and can only find a perfect system for the good will of the stock right.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.291.91;D923.2
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