公司人格否認(rèn)在解散清算中的適用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-13 12:41
【摘要】：公司人格否認(rèn)是公司基本制度的例外,有效地彌補(bǔ)了股東有限責(zé)任和公司獨(dú)立法人人格的固有缺陷。該理論自產(chǎn)生以來(lái),在一人公司、母子公司、關(guān)聯(lián)交易、解散和破產(chǎn)等諸多公司法實(shí)踐領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛適用。本文以《公司法司法解釋(二)》的相關(guān)規(guī)定為視角,在公司解散清算的框架內(nèi)探討公司人格否認(rèn)的適用。 論文主體部分共有四章,按照“提出問(wèn)題,分析問(wèn)題,解決問(wèn)題”的構(gòu)思布局,即第一章提出問(wèn)題,第二、三章分別從理論和實(shí)踐的角度分析問(wèn)題,第四章解決問(wèn)題。 第一章在概述公司人格否認(rèn)和解散清算制度的基礎(chǔ)上分析了二者之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系。公司人格否認(rèn)與解散清算雖屬于公司法中不同的制度范疇,存在著諸多區(qū)別,但是在公司進(jìn)入解散清算狀態(tài)后,在平衡股東和債權(quán)人利益方面,二者不可避免地會(huì)產(chǎn)生功能的交叉與補(bǔ)充、矛盾與沖突。 第二章從法理基礎(chǔ)、法律價(jià)值和法律原則三方面進(jìn)行了法理研究。當(dāng)股東不依法履行清算義務(wù)損害債權(quán)人利益時(shí),公司人格否認(rèn)與第三人侵害債權(quán)理論為債權(quán)人實(shí)現(xiàn)權(quán)利提供了雙重理論支持,這兩項(xiàng)理論的運(yùn)用對(duì)于維護(hù)債權(quán)人利益和市場(chǎng)交易安全等具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。為了恰當(dāng)發(fā)揮上述理論的效用,應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循必要的法律原則,即平等保護(hù)、清算優(yōu)先和注重效率。 第三章分析了立法和司法實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題�，F(xiàn)行司法解釋的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題是嚴(yán)格限制了公司人格否認(rèn)的適用條件,認(rèn)為只有當(dāng)公司出現(xiàn)無(wú)法清算等嚴(yán)重后果時(shí)才可以揭開(kāi)公司的“面紗”,體現(xiàn)了“事后制裁”的特征,但這種“事后制裁”不僅未能及時(shí)平衡債權(quán)人和股東的利益,而且也沒(méi)有保證解散清算制度的順利實(shí)施。相關(guān)案例則反映了如何合理平衡債權(quán)人和股東的利益是實(shí)踐中的難點(diǎn)。 第四章總結(jié)和完善了實(shí)體和程序法律規(guī)則。實(shí)體規(guī)則的核心是股東賠償責(zé)任的確定,而適用過(guò)錯(cuò)推定原則是關(guān)鍵所在。程序規(guī)則的核心是股東賠償訴訟的啟動(dòng)和中止程序的設(shè)計(jì),既賦予股東及時(shí)啟動(dòng)訴訟的權(quán)利,又規(guī)定法院在一定條件下可以適時(shí)中止訴訟以恢復(fù)清算,二者的結(jié)合體現(xiàn)了“教育為先,懲罰在后”的指導(dǎo)思想。 在上述內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)了核心觀(guān)點(diǎn):在公司解散清算中“慎用(公司人格否認(rèn))并不排斥及時(shí)適用,及時(shí)適用并非等同于濫用”,只有及時(shí)適用才能充分保障債權(quán)人的權(quán)利,而在適用過(guò)程中積極引導(dǎo)當(dāng)事人回歸正常的清算軌道、努力不揭開(kāi)公司“面紗”才是從根本上維護(hù)了公司的基本制度,因此應(yīng)從“事前預(yù)防”而非“事后制裁”的角度考慮如何設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的法律規(guī)范。
[Abstract]:The denial of corporate personality is the exception of the basic system of the company, which effectively makes up the inherent defects of the limited liability of shareholders and the personality of independent legal person of the company. Since its emergence, the theory has been widely applied in many practical fields of company law, such as one-man company, parent-subsidiary company, related transaction, dissolution and bankruptcy. This paper discusses the application of corporate personality denial within the framework of the dissolution and liquidation of companies from the perspective of the relevant provisions of interpretation of the Company Law (2). There are four chapters in the main part of the thesis. According to the conception and layout of "raising problems, analyzing problems, solving problems", that is, the first chapter puts forward the problems, the second and three chapters analyze the problems from the angle of theory and practice, and the fourth chapter solves the problems. The first chapter analyzes the differences and relations between the two systems on the basis of summarizing the system of corporate personality denial and dissolution liquidation. Although corporate personality denial and dissolution liquidation belong to different system categories in the company law, there are many differences, but after the company enters the dissolution liquidation state, it balances the interests of shareholders and creditors. The two will inevitably lead to the intersection and supplement of functions, contradictions and conflicts. The second chapter has carried on the legal principle research from the legal principle foundation, the legal value and the legal principle three aspects. When shareholders fail to perform liquidation obligations according to law to harm the interests of creditors, the theory of corporate personality denial and third-party infringement of creditor's rights provides dual theoretical support for the realization of creditors' rights. The application of these two theories is of great practical significance to safeguard the interests of creditors and the security of market transactions. In order to give full play to the utility of these theories, we should follow the necessary legal principles, that is, equal protection, priority of liquidation and emphasis on efficiency. The third chapter analyzes the problems existing in the legislative and judicial practice. The key issue of the current judicial interpretation is that it strictly limits the applicable conditions of the denial of corporate personality, and considers that only when the company has serious consequences such as failure to liquidate can it unveil the "veil" of the company and reflect the characteristics of "post-event sanctions". However, such "ex post sanctions" not only failed to balance the interests of creditors and shareholders in a timely manner, but also did not guarantee the smooth implementation of the dissolution liquidation system. Related cases reflect how to balance the interests of creditors and shareholders is difficult in practice. The fourth chapter summarizes and improves the substantive and procedural legal rules. The core of substantive rules is the determination of shareholders' liability, and the principle of presumption of fault is the key. The core of procedural rules is the design of starting and suspending procedure of shareholder compensation litigation, which not only gives shareholders the right to start litigation in time, but also stipulates that the court can suspend litigation in due time to resume liquidation under certain conditions. The combination of the two embodies the guiding ideology of "education first, punishment after". On the basis of the above-mentioned contents, this paper summarizes the core point of view: "careful use (denial of corporate personality) does not exclude timely application, and timely application is not equivalent to abuse". Only timely application can fully protect the rights of creditors. In the process of application, actively guiding the parties to return to the normal liquidation track and striving not to unveil the "veil" of the company is the fundamental maintenance of the basic system of the company. Therefore, how to design the corresponding legal norms should be considered from the point of view of "pre-prevention" rather than "post-sanctions".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.291.91
本文編號(hào)：2439397
[Abstract]:The denial of corporate personality is the exception of the basic system of the company, which effectively makes up the inherent defects of the limited liability of shareholders and the personality of independent legal person of the company. Since its emergence, the theory has been widely applied in many practical fields of company law, such as one-man company, parent-subsidiary company, related transaction, dissolution and bankruptcy. This paper discusses the application of corporate personality denial within the framework of the dissolution and liquidation of companies from the perspective of the relevant provisions of interpretation of the Company Law (2). There are four chapters in the main part of the thesis. According to the conception and layout of "raising problems, analyzing problems, solving problems", that is, the first chapter puts forward the problems, the second and three chapters analyze the problems from the angle of theory and practice, and the fourth chapter solves the problems. The first chapter analyzes the differences and relations between the two systems on the basis of summarizing the system of corporate personality denial and dissolution liquidation. Although corporate personality denial and dissolution liquidation belong to different system categories in the company law, there are many differences, but after the company enters the dissolution liquidation state, it balances the interests of shareholders and creditors. The two will inevitably lead to the intersection and supplement of functions, contradictions and conflicts. The second chapter has carried on the legal principle research from the legal principle foundation, the legal value and the legal principle three aspects. When shareholders fail to perform liquidation obligations according to law to harm the interests of creditors, the theory of corporate personality denial and third-party infringement of creditor's rights provides dual theoretical support for the realization of creditors' rights. The application of these two theories is of great practical significance to safeguard the interests of creditors and the security of market transactions. In order to give full play to the utility of these theories, we should follow the necessary legal principles, that is, equal protection, priority of liquidation and emphasis on efficiency. The third chapter analyzes the problems existing in the legislative and judicial practice. The key issue of the current judicial interpretation is that it strictly limits the applicable conditions of the denial of corporate personality, and considers that only when the company has serious consequences such as failure to liquidate can it unveil the "veil" of the company and reflect the characteristics of "post-event sanctions". However, such "ex post sanctions" not only failed to balance the interests of creditors and shareholders in a timely manner, but also did not guarantee the smooth implementation of the dissolution liquidation system. Related cases reflect how to balance the interests of creditors and shareholders is difficult in practice. The fourth chapter summarizes and improves the substantive and procedural legal rules. The core of substantive rules is the determination of shareholders' liability, and the principle of presumption of fault is the key. The core of procedural rules is the design of starting and suspending procedure of shareholder compensation litigation, which not only gives shareholders the right to start litigation in time, but also stipulates that the court can suspend litigation in due time to resume liquidation under certain conditions. The combination of the two embodies the guiding ideology of "education first, punishment after". On the basis of the above-mentioned contents, this paper summarizes the core point of view: "careful use (denial of corporate personality) does not exclude timely application, and timely application is not equivalent to abuse". Only timely application can fully protect the rights of creditors. In the process of application, actively guiding the parties to return to the normal liquidation track and striving not to unveil the "veil" of the company is the fundamental maintenance of the basic system of the company. Therefore, how to design the corresponding legal norms should be considered from the point of view of "pre-prevention" rather than "post-sanctions".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.291.91
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