【摘要】：公司章程是指依照公司法規(guī)定，由發(fā)起設(shè)立公司的投資者制定的，對(duì)公司名稱(chēng)、宗旨、經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、活動(dòng)方式、權(quán)利義務(wù)分配、解散等事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行記載的公司必備法律文件，有實(shí)質(zhì)意義與形式意義之分，實(shí)質(zhì)意義上的公司章程，指規(guī)范公司的組織和活動(dòng)，特別是公司、股東、董事、監(jiān)事、經(jīng)理等經(jīng)營(yíng)者相互之間權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的根本準(zhǔn)則；形式意義上的公司章程則指記載此種規(guī)則的書(shū)面文件。公司章程具有法定性、公開(kāi)性、真實(shí)性、自治性等特征。公司章程是設(shè)立公司必備條件之一；是公司和股東自治的基本法律文件；是公司對(duì)外信用的法律依據(jù)；是股東權(quán)的淵源和股東權(quán)益保護(hù)的淵源之一。 關(guān)于公司章程的性質(zhì)有多種學(xué)說(shuō)：契約說(shuō)、自治法說(shuō)、折衷說(shuō)、憲章說(shuō)、自治規(guī)章說(shuō)。筆者在批判和借鑒上述幾種學(xué)說(shuō)的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了新折衷說(shuō)的觀點(diǎn)，即以公司章程調(diào)整的法律關(guān)系來(lái)對(duì)公司章程的屬性進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。公司章程調(diào)整的法律關(guān)系中股東與股東之間，股東與公司之間的法律關(guān)系用契約說(shuō)來(lái)調(diào)整；公司章程中關(guān)于公司治理機(jī)制、公司內(nèi)部管理制度(公司章程細(xì)則)部分用自治法說(shuō)來(lái)調(diào)整。筆者認(rèn)為這一分類(lèi)定性具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值。公司章程的法律效力主要是指公司章程的時(shí)間效力和公司章程的對(duì)人效力。公司章程的時(shí)間效力又分為公司章程的生效時(shí)間和失效時(shí)間；公司章程的對(duì)人效力又分為對(duì)內(nèi)效力和對(duì)外效力。 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、私法自治和公司自治是一脈相承不可分割的關(guān)系。自由的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)始終是公司發(fā)展和前進(jìn)的動(dòng)力。在“公司自治”的視野下，探討公司法與公司章程的關(guān)系，，筆者認(rèn)為對(duì)于公司法的理念更新和發(fā)揮公司章程的作用有重大的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 最后，在立足于我國(guó)具體國(guó)情并廣泛參考世界先進(jìn)國(guó)家公司章程法律制度的前提下，筆者就完善我國(guó)的公司章程法律制度提出了自己的一些見(jiàn)解。 本文綜合運(yùn)用了比較法學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)等多種研究方法，在充分占有國(guó)內(nèi)外公司章程制度研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)公司章程若干法律問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了嘗試性的探討。但無(wú)可避免的是，由于筆者掌握的資料有限，加之公司法學(xué)理論水平的限制，本文存在很多不足之處，一些重大問(wèn)題的研究沒(méi)有詳細(xì)地展開(kāi)，還望學(xué)界前輩和后來(lái)者批評(píng)和指正。希望筆者對(duì)公司章程制度研究的“一小步”能夠引起對(duì)公司章程制度研究、立法、司法、實(shí)業(yè)界重視的“一大步”，推動(dòng)公司“章程自治”，便是筆者最大的心愿。
[Abstract]:"articles of association" refers to the distribution of the company's name, purpose, scope of business, organization, mode of activities, rights and obligations of the company established by the investor who initiated the company in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law, The necessary legal documents for a company to record such matters as dissolution are of substantive and formal significance, and the articles of association in the substantive sense refer to the regulation of the organization and activities of the company, especially the company, shareholders, directors and supervisors, The fundamental principle of the relationship between the rights and obligations of managers and other managers; the formal articles of association refer to the written documents which record such rules. The articles of association are characterized by legality, openness, authenticity and autonomy. The articles of association are one of the necessary conditions for the establishment of the company; they are the basic legal documents for the autonomy of the company and shareholders; they are the legal basis for the foreign credit of the company; and it is one of the sources of the right of shareholders and the protection of the rights and interests of shareholders. There are many theories about the nature of articles of association: contract theory, autonomy law theory, compromise theory, charter theory, autonomy regulation theory. On the basis of criticizing and drawing lessons from the above theories, the author puts forward a new compromise theory, that is, classifying the attributes of the articles of association by the legal relationship of the regulation of the articles of association. In the legal relationship between shareholders and shareholders, the legal relationship between shareholders and the company is regulated by contract; the mechanism of corporate governance in the articles of association, The company's internal management system (articles of association) is partly regulated by the autonomy law. The author believes that this classification has important theoretical significance and practical value. The legal effect of the articles of association mainly refers to the time effect of the articles of association and the effectiveness of the articles of association against persons. The time effect of the articles of association is divided into the effective time of the articles of association and the time of invalidation; the effectiveness of the articles of association is divided into the internal effect and the external effect. Market economy, private law autonomy and corporate autonomy are closely related. Free competition has always been the driving force for the development and advancement of the company. From the perspective of "corporate autonomy", the author discusses the relationship between company law and articles of association. The author thinks that it is of great theoretical and practical significance to renew the concept of company law and give full play to the role of company charter. Finally, based on the specific conditions of our country and referring widely to the legal system of the articles of association of the advanced countries in the world, the author puts forward some opinions on how to perfect the legal system of the articles of association in our country. Based on the comprehensive use of comparative law, economics, sociology and other research methods, and on the basis of taking full advantage of the research results of the articles of association at home and abroad, this paper makes a tentative discussion on some legal issues of the articles of association. But inevitably, due to the limited information of the author and the limitation of the level of corporate law theory, there are many deficiencies in this paper, and the research on some important issues has not been carried out in detail. I also hope that the academic elders and latecomers criticize and correct. I hope that the author's "small step" in the study of the company's articles of association system can lead to a "big step" in the study of the company's articles of association system, legislation, judicature and industry, and to promote the "autonomy" of the company's articles of association, which is the author's greatest wish.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.291.91

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 張堯;;試論公司章程的性質(zhì)[J];知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì);2011年04期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 張寶婷;公司法中的公司自治與國(guó)家強(qiáng)制[D];西南政法大學(xué);2011年

2 邢悅;公司章程效力法律問(wèn)題研究[D];首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué);2007年

3 劉薇;公司章程法律問(wèn)題研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2007年

4 陳巍煒;論公司章程的效力[D];蘇州大學(xué);2009年

5 陸曙光;公司章程制度若干法律問(wèn)題研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2010年

本文編號(hào)：2238079