我國公司董事義務(wù)制度的完善
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-28 10:57
【摘要】： “如果將公司比作一個民主的小國家,董事會就是這個民主小國的政府。一旦被選并掌權(quán),則在其被趕下臺之前,董事會對公司的運(yùn)行便擁有了幾乎全部的權(quán)力�！雹佻F(xiàn)代公司中確立的董事會中心主義直接導(dǎo)致了董事會和董事的權(quán)力的日漸擴(kuò)張。公司董事會是公司法定的常設(shè)機(jī)關(guān),對外是公司的代表機(jī)關(guān),對內(nèi)是公司的經(jīng)營決策機(jī)關(guān),對整個公司的運(yùn)營起到非常重要的作用。董事是董事會的成員,公司董事會的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)都是通過董事來完成的,董事在公司的整個運(yùn)營過程當(dāng)中承擔(dān)著非常重要的作用。為董事設(shè)定義務(wù)直接關(guān)系到董事能否適當(dāng)?shù)芈男凶约旱穆殭?quán),維護(hù)公司和股東的利益。正如有學(xué)者說,“如何規(guī)范藏在公司背后的人和他們的行為是公司法一個重點(diǎn)要解決的問題�！睆哪撤N意義上說,“公司法的發(fā)展過程就是一個不斷修正董事責(zé)任和義務(wù)的過程”。②為了防止董事濫用職權(quán),很多英美法系和大陸法系的國家都對公司董事的義務(wù)進(jìn)行了詳盡的規(guī)定,規(guī)定主要分為公司董事的忠實(shí)義務(wù)和注意義務(wù)兩個方面,這兩大義務(wù)構(gòu)成了公司董事義務(wù)制度的基本內(nèi)容�！吨腥A人民共和國公司法》(以下簡稱《公司法》)對公司董事的忠實(shí)義務(wù)有著比較明確的規(guī)定,同時也明確規(guī)定了公司董事的勤勉義務(wù)。但是我國《公司法》并沒有明確規(guī)定董事的注意義務(wù)。公司董事的注意義務(wù)不完全等同于勤勉義務(wù),注意義務(wù)的內(nèi)涵較勤勉義務(wù)而言更加豐富。本文從娃哈哈集團(tuán)和達(dá)能集團(tuán)之間關(guān)于董事忠實(shí)義務(wù)的重要內(nèi)容之一——競業(yè)禁止義務(wù)的一個案例出發(fā),得出對董事義務(wù)研究的重要性的認(rèn)識,接著又介紹了董事義務(wù)的基本理論內(nèi)容,公司董事的忠實(shí)義務(wù)、注意義務(wù)及我國公司董事義務(wù)制度存在的問題,中間穿插了一些中國和外國的案例并予以分析。最后,筆者就如何完善我國公司董事義務(wù)制度給出了自己的建議。本文的重點(diǎn)在于我國公司董事忠實(shí)義務(wù)的完善和我國公司董事注意義務(wù)的完善。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于,一是能從公司董事不同分類的視角來談公司董事的忠實(shí)義務(wù)和注意義務(wù);二是明確了我國《公司法》規(guī)定的“勤勉義務(wù)”和注意義務(wù)之間被包容的關(guān)系;三是試圖將公司董事注意義務(wù)具體化,列舉出董事注意義務(wù)應(yīng)當(dāng)包含幾個方面的內(nèi)容;四是提出關(guān)于公司董事忠實(shí)義務(wù)和注意義務(wù)立法、司法方面具有可操作性的建議。
[Abstract]:"if companies are compared to a small democratic state, the board of directors is the government of that small democratic country. Once elected and in power, the board of directors has almost all the power over the operation of the company before it is ousted. "[1] the established centralism of the board of directors in modern companies directly leads to the expansion of the powers of the board of directors and directors." The board of directors of the company is the legal standing organ of the company, the representative organ of the company outside, and the management decision-making organ of the company at home, which plays a very important role in the operation of the whole company. Directors are members of the board of directors, the normal operation of the board of directors is accomplished by the directors, directors play a very important role in the whole operation process of the company. The establishment of obligations for directors is directly related to whether the directors can properly perform their functions and powers and safeguard the interests of the company and shareholders. As some scholars say, "how to regulate the people behind the company and their behavior is a key issue in corporate law." In a sense, "the development of company law is a process of constantly revising directors' responsibilities and obligations" .2 in order to prevent directors from abusing their powers, Many countries in the common law system and the civil law system have made detailed provisions on the obligations of company directors, which are mainly divided into two aspects: the duty of loyalty and the duty of care. These two obligations constitute the basic content of the system of directors' obligations. The Company Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "Company Law") has relatively clear provisions on the duty of loyalty to directors of companies. At the same time, it also clearly stipulates the duty of diligence of the directors of the company. However, China's Company Law does not clearly stipulate the directors' duty of care. The duty of care is not equal to the duty of diligence, and the duty of care is more abundant than the duty of diligence. Based on a case study between Wahaha Group and Danone Group, which is one of the most important contents of directors' duty of loyalty, this paper draws a conclusion on the importance of the study of directors' obligations. Then it introduces the basic theoretical content of directors' obligations, the duty of loyalty of company directors, the duty of care and the problems existing in the system of directors' obligations in our country. Some cases from China and foreign countries are interspersed and analyzed. Finally, the author gives his own suggestions on how to perfect the system of directors' obligations in our country. The emphasis of this paper is on the perfection of the duty of loyalty and the duty of care of directors in our country. The innovation of this paper lies in the fact that, first, the duty of loyalty and duty of care of directors can be discussed from the perspective of different categories of company directors, the other is that the relationship between "duty of diligence" and "duty of care" stipulated in the Company Law of our country is clearly defined. Third, it tries to concretize the duty of care of company directors, enumerates that the duty of care of directors should contain several aspects; fourth, it puts forward some suggestions on the legislation of the duty of loyalty and duty of care of company directors, and the maneuverability of judicature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D922.291.91
本文編號：2149889
[Abstract]:"if companies are compared to a small democratic state, the board of directors is the government of that small democratic country. Once elected and in power, the board of directors has almost all the power over the operation of the company before it is ousted. "[1] the established centralism of the board of directors in modern companies directly leads to the expansion of the powers of the board of directors and directors." The board of directors of the company is the legal standing organ of the company, the representative organ of the company outside, and the management decision-making organ of the company at home, which plays a very important role in the operation of the whole company. Directors are members of the board of directors, the normal operation of the board of directors is accomplished by the directors, directors play a very important role in the whole operation process of the company. The establishment of obligations for directors is directly related to whether the directors can properly perform their functions and powers and safeguard the interests of the company and shareholders. As some scholars say, "how to regulate the people behind the company and their behavior is a key issue in corporate law." In a sense, "the development of company law is a process of constantly revising directors' responsibilities and obligations" .2 in order to prevent directors from abusing their powers, Many countries in the common law system and the civil law system have made detailed provisions on the obligations of company directors, which are mainly divided into two aspects: the duty of loyalty and the duty of care. These two obligations constitute the basic content of the system of directors' obligations. The Company Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "Company Law") has relatively clear provisions on the duty of loyalty to directors of companies. At the same time, it also clearly stipulates the duty of diligence of the directors of the company. However, China's Company Law does not clearly stipulate the directors' duty of care. The duty of care is not equal to the duty of diligence, and the duty of care is more abundant than the duty of diligence. Based on a case study between Wahaha Group and Danone Group, which is one of the most important contents of directors' duty of loyalty, this paper draws a conclusion on the importance of the study of directors' obligations. Then it introduces the basic theoretical content of directors' obligations, the duty of loyalty of company directors, the duty of care and the problems existing in the system of directors' obligations in our country. Some cases from China and foreign countries are interspersed and analyzed. Finally, the author gives his own suggestions on how to perfect the system of directors' obligations in our country. The emphasis of this paper is on the perfection of the duty of loyalty and the duty of care of directors in our country. The innovation of this paper lies in the fact that, first, the duty of loyalty and duty of care of directors can be discussed from the perspective of different categories of company directors, the other is that the relationship between "duty of diligence" and "duty of care" stipulated in the Company Law of our country is clearly defined. Third, it tries to concretize the duty of care of company directors, enumerates that the duty of care of directors should contain several aspects; fourth, it puts forward some suggestions on the legislation of the duty of loyalty and duty of care of company directors, and the maneuverability of judicature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D922.291.91
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，本文編號：2149889
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