本文選題：破產(chǎn)欺詐 + 構(gòu)成要件��； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：破產(chǎn)欺詐是指行為人利用破產(chǎn)制度,違反破產(chǎn)法的規(guī)定,通過隱瞞真實情況或者制造虛假情況的手段,導(dǎo)致破產(chǎn)財產(chǎn)減少或者破產(chǎn)財產(chǎn)的負擔(dān)增加,或者使破產(chǎn)財產(chǎn)狀況不明,從而損害債權(quán)人利益的行為。破產(chǎn)欺詐損害了債權(quán)人的利益,破壞了社會經(jīng)濟的正常秩序,已成為破產(chǎn)制度正常運行的桎梏。 針對這類情況,世界許多國家和地區(qū)都開始對破產(chǎn)法進行了改革式的修訂。盡管各國立法體例不同,修訂內(nèi)容也并不一致,但他們都把從法律上規(guī)制破產(chǎn)欺詐提上了議程。各國學(xué)者也愈發(fā)關(guān)注這一問題的研究,提出了各自見解。我國也在《企業(yè)破產(chǎn)法》、《民法通則》、《公司法》、《刑法》以及《最高人民法院關(guān)于貫徹執(zhí)行中華人民共和國企業(yè)破產(chǎn)法(試行)若干問題的意見》、《最高人民法院關(guān)于審理企業(yè)破產(chǎn)案件若干問題的規(guī)定》等司法解釋中也對企業(yè)破產(chǎn)、重組案件中對破產(chǎn)企業(yè)隱匿、轉(zhuǎn)移資產(chǎn)等侵害債權(quán)人權(quán)益的欺詐行為作出處理規(guī)定。但囿于程序上和制度上的缺陷,迄今為止,我國還沒有一套完整的、行之有效的反破產(chǎn)欺詐法律制度,實踐中的破產(chǎn)欺詐的現(xiàn)象仍未得到有效遏制。破產(chǎn)欺詐問題的解決對于破產(chǎn)當(dāng)事人利益保障來說有著重要的意義,對其的規(guī)制也關(guān)系到國家司法程序的順利進行、關(guān)系到社會經(jīng)濟活動的正常穩(wěn)定進行。如果任由其發(fā)展下去,會對社會信用關(guān)系造成無法挽回的損害。因此如何規(guī)制破產(chǎn)欺詐也就成為了亟待研究的重要課題。 在目前看來,學(xué)界對破產(chǎn)欺詐的界定、成因、危害等方面都有所研究,但是在規(guī)制與防范方面,仍有不足。因此,筆者擬在對破產(chǎn)欺詐與普通民事欺詐進行區(qū)分的基礎(chǔ)上,對破產(chǎn)欺詐的構(gòu)成要件以及類型進行分析,針對破產(chǎn)程序本身的獨到之處對破產(chǎn)欺詐的防范加以論述,針對現(xiàn)實中不同種類的破產(chǎn)欺詐展開救濟手段進行探討,借鑒國外先進的立法經(jīng)驗,結(jié)合我國新破產(chǎn)法制定過程中出現(xiàn)的問題,有針對性地提出自己的觀點,以期為我國現(xiàn)行制度完善提供參考。 本文主要由三個部分構(gòu)成： 第一部分,主要闡述破產(chǎn)欺詐的界定與類型兩個問題。在與廣義的民事欺詐(即法律行為制度中的欺詐與侵權(quán)法上的欺詐)進行區(qū)別分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對破產(chǎn)欺詐行為的構(gòu)成要件進行逐個剖析,并按照現(xiàn)實中破產(chǎn)欺詐的存在情形將破產(chǎn)欺詐區(qū)分為虛假破產(chǎn)中的欺詐與真實破產(chǎn)中的欺詐,為下文所闡述的破產(chǎn)欺詐救濟的相關(guān)內(nèi)容奠定基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分,集中探討破產(chǎn)欺詐防范制度完善的問題。除了依照《公司法》中提及的對董事、高級管理人員的相關(guān)規(guī)制來減少破產(chǎn)欺詐發(fā)生這類基礎(chǔ)方式外,如何借助破產(chǎn)程序中存在很多特有制度——管理人制度、破產(chǎn)保全制度——來防范破產(chǎn)欺詐,是本部分重點討論的問題。在此,結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)行立法實踐、比照別國立法,筆者提出些許制度完善建議。 第三部分,集中探討破產(chǎn)欺詐發(fā)生后如何進行救濟的問題。救濟方法因不同破產(chǎn)欺詐類型而有所不同,對虛假破產(chǎn)中的欺詐主要是運用法人人格否認制度來實現(xiàn),對真實破產(chǎn)中的欺詐則是提出了通過“嚴格責(zé)任豁免制度”與“健全可撤銷行為制度”來實現(xiàn)救濟的觀點。
[Abstract]:Bankruptcy fraud refers to the use of the bankruptcy system, the violation of the provisions of the bankruptcy law, the means of concealing the real situation or making false conditions, resulting in the decrease of the bankruptcy property or the increase of the burdens of the bankrupt property, or the unidentified situation of the bankrupt property, which damages the interests of the creditors. It has broken the normal order of social economy and has become the shackle of the normal operation of bankruptcy system.
In view of these circumstances, many countries and regions in the world have begun to revise the bankruptcy law. Although different legislative bodies and revisions are not consistent, they all put on the agenda of legal regulation of bankruptcy fraud. Scholars from various countries have also paid more attention to the study and put forward their own opinions. The bankruptcy law of the enterprise, the general rules of the civil law, the company law, the criminal law, and the opinions of the Supreme People's Court on the implementation and implementation of the bankruptcy law of the People's Republic of China enterprise (trial execution). The Supreme People's court has also bankrupt the enterprise in the judicial interpretation, such as the regulations of the Supreme People's Court on several problems in the case of enterprise bankruptcy, and the bankrupt enterprise is reorganized in the case. But because of the procedural and institutional defects, there has not been a complete and effective legal system of anti bankruptcy fraud in China so far, and the phenomenon of bankruptcy fraud in practice has not been effectively checked. The protection of the interests of the insolvency parties is of great significance. The regulation of the party is also related to the smooth progress of the national judicial procedure and the normal stability of the social and economic activities. If it is allowed to develop, it will cause irreparable damage to the social credit relationship. The important subject of the study.
At present, the academic circles have studied the definition, cause, and harm of the bankruptcy fraud, but there are still shortcomings in the regulation and prevention. Therefore, on the basis of the distinction between the bankruptcy fraud and the ordinary civil fraud, the author intends to analyze the elements and types of the bankruptcy fraud on the basis of the distinction between the bankruptcy fraud and the common civil fraud, and aim at the uniqueness of the bankruptcy procedure itself. This paper discusses the prevention of bankruptcy fraud, discusses the relief means of different kinds of bankruptcy fraud in reality, draws on the advanced legislative experience of foreign countries and combines with the problems arising in the process of setting up the new bankruptcy legal system in our country, and puts forward his own point of view, in order to provide reference for the improvement of the current system in China.
This article is mainly composed of three parts:
In the first part, it mainly expounds the definition and type of bankruptcy fraud. On the basis of the distinction analysis of the generalized civil fraud (fraud and tort law fraud in the legal act system), the constitutive requirements of the bankruptcy fraud are analyzed one by one, and according to the reality of the existence of the bankruptcy fraud, the bankruptcy and bullying will be carried out. Fraud is divided into fraud in false bankruptcy and fraud in real bankruptcy, laying the foundation for the relevant contents of bankruptcy fraud relief described below.
The second part focuses on the problem of perfecting the system of bankruptcy fraud prevention. In addition to reducing the basic mode of bankruptcy fraud according to the related regulations of the directors and senior managers mentioned in the company law, how to take precautions against the existence of many special systems in the bankruptcy procedure - the administrator system and the bankruptcy preservation system Bankruptcy fraud is a key issue discussed in this part. Based on the current legislation practice in China and other countries' legislation, the author puts forward some suggestions for improving the system.
The third part focuses on the problem of how to carry out the relief after the occurrence of the bankruptcy fraud. The remedy is different because of different types of bankruptcy and fraud. The fraud in the false bankruptcy is mainly realized by the system of legal personality denial, and the fraud in real bankruptcy is put forward through the "strict liability exemption system" and "perfect" The revocation of the system "to realize the view of relief."

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.291.92

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