本文選題：清算義務人　切入點：債權(quán)人保護　出處：《南京大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：清算義務人作為啟動公司清算程序的承擔者,為了保障清算秩序和債權(quán)人的權(quán)益,應當對債權(quán)人承擔相應的民事責任。但就該責任的法理基礎,理論界的認識混亂且存有漏洞。究其原因,大多學者忽視了公司法律制度應有的權(quán)利配置。從宏觀的權(quán)利配置和利益格局來看,公司的產(chǎn)生犧牲了債權(quán)人的利益,在新形勢下,公司利益格局發(fā)生異化,債權(quán)人面臨受侵害的危險,有必要加強對債權(quán)人的保護。因此清算義務人民事責任應當在公司獨立人格與債權(quán)人保護的張力和平衡之下找到適當定位。當公司面臨清算,眾多主體間出現(xiàn)利益分化,過分強調(diào)債權(quán)人主張民事責任的權(quán)利,可能會在某種程度上損害其他主體的利益,甚至存在債權(quán)人進行逆向選擇的風險。清算制度旨在公平有序的分配利益,清算義務人民事責任重在清算秩序和清算應然結(jié)果的回復,以達到風險的合理分配和利益格局平衡的效果。從微觀層面,義務是責任的前提,責任法理基礎的探究離不開對義務的分析,而清算義務人民事責任作為公司法中的責任,又有其特有的來源。基于與公司的控制關系和委任關系,包括董事在內(nèi)的公司管理者應對公司負有信義義務。清算義務人基于同樣的地位也應負有信義義務。如果董事違反了這一義務,對包括債權(quán)人在內(nèi)的第三人造成損害,是否應對第三人承擔責任呢?德國法采用間接損失下的補充責任模式,日本法采用惡意或重大過失下的賠償責任模式。商事責任與民事責任的本質(zhì)不同,且董事權(quán)責不一致導致債權(quán)人易遭侵害�；诜商貏e規(guī)定,為實現(xiàn)商事風險的合理配置,董事應對債權(quán)人承擔責任,清算義務人民事責任的法理基礎也應認定為商事特別責任。具體到責任體系中,應首先肯定組織清算的行為責任的存在。就財產(chǎn)責任而言,將債權(quán)人遭受的間接損害和直接損害進行區(qū)別分析,司法解釋所設定的賠償責任和清償責任符合商事特別責任的構(gòu)成,但不限于規(guī)定的情形。值得注意的是,鑒于公司清算制度的特殊性,清算義務人承擔的商事特別責任的注意程度和責任范圍應予以適當調(diào)整,從而達到利益格局平衡的目標。
[Abstract]:In order to protect the order of liquidation and the rights and interests of the creditors, the liquidating obligor, as the bearer of the liquidation procedure, shall bear the corresponding civil liability to the creditor. However, as far as the legal basis of the liability is concerned, The reason is that most scholars ignore the rights allocation that the company legal system should have. From the macroscopic distribution of rights and the pattern of interests, the company has sacrificed the interests of creditors, in the new situation, The interests of the company are dissimilated and the creditors are in danger of being infringed upon. It is necessary to strengthen the protection of creditors. Therefore, the civil liability of liquidation obligor should find a proper position under the tension and balance between the independent personality of the company and the protection of creditors. Too much emphasis on the right of creditors to claim civil liability may damage the interests of other subjects to some extent, and even the risk of adverse selection by creditors. The liquidation system aims to distribute benefits fairly and orderly. The civil liability of liquidation obligor focuses on the order of liquidation and the recovery of liquidation expected result, in order to achieve the effect of reasonable distribution of risk and balance of benefit pattern. At the micro level, obligation is the premise of liability. The exploration of the legal basis of liability can not be separated from the analysis of obligations, and the civil liability of liquidation obligor, as the liability in the company law, has its unique source, which is based on the relationship of control and appointment with the company. The manager of the company, including the director, shall have a fiduciary obligation to the company. The liquidation obligor shall, on the basis of the same status, also have a fiduciary duty. If the director violates this obligation, he shall cause harm to a third person, including the creditor, Should we be held liable to a third party? The German law adopts the supplementary liability model under indirect loss, while the Japanese law adopts the liability model under malicious or gross negligence. The nature of commercial liability is different from that of civil liability. Based on the special provisions of the law, in order to achieve a reasonable allocation of commercial risks, the director shall bear the liability of the creditor, The legal basis of the civil liability of liquidation obligor should also be recognized as special commercial liability. In the specific liability system, the existence of the liability for the conduct of organizing liquidation should be confirmed first. As far as property liability is concerned, By distinguishing between indirect and direct damage to creditors, the liability and satisfaction created by judicial interpretation are in line with the composition of special commercial liability, but are not limited to the prescribed circumstances... it is worth noting that, In view of the particularity of the company liquidation system, the degree of attention and the scope of liability of the special commercial liability undertaken by the liquidation obligor should be adjusted appropriately, so as to achieve the goal of balancing the pattern of interests.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.291.91
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本文編號：1603629