【摘要】：律師在現(xiàn)代法治社會的構(gòu)建中起著不可替代的作用,隨著法治的進程,律師完成了從“國家人”到“社會人”的轉(zhuǎn)變。刑事辯護律師因其職業(yè)的特殊性,始終受到社會的普遍關(guān)注,但是目前我國律師制度的建設(shè)卻難盡如人意。 本文對刑事辯護律師執(zhí)業(yè)風險及其保障措施的研究,是從辯護律師的最基礎(chǔ)性問題著手,首先闡述了辯護律師的職業(yè)特點,隨之論述了刑事辯護律師在當前新形勢下的重要使命,然后將國外法治發(fā)達國家的刑事辯護律師執(zhí)業(yè)保障規(guī)定加以具體說明。之后闡明了我國當前刑事辯護律師的執(zhí)業(yè)困境,主要體現(xiàn)在兩個方面:一是由于法律規(guī)定的不夠完善,尤其《刑法》第306條的規(guī)定,給律師執(zhí)業(yè)帶來極大的法律風險。同時,由于制度層面的原因使辯護律師長期處于法律體系的邊緣,造成辯護律師在刑辯中會見難、取證難、辯護難;二是由于社會公眾對辯護律師職業(yè)的誤解,使律師面臨諸多的執(zhí)業(yè)風險。探其原因,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),這其中既有我國傳統(tǒng)法律文化方面的因素,也有立法方面的缺失及制度方面的缺陷,另外,律師隊伍自身的不足也是一個重要的原因。要從根本上解決辯護律師的執(zhí)業(yè)困境最重要的是要完善對辯護律師權(quán)利的保障措施。首先,通過提高執(zhí)業(yè)門檻和規(guī)范律師管理體制提高律師自身的職業(yè)素質(zhì);其次,因辯護律師職業(yè)的特殊性要賦予律師一定的職業(yè)特權(quán),如保守秘密的特權(quán)和職業(yè)豁免權(quán);第三,針對《刑法》第306條的缺陷,對該條規(guī)定加以修改完善,從立法上對律師的權(quán)利加以保障;最后,要進一步完善程序性制裁的相關(guān)規(guī)定,在程序上對侵犯辯護律師的訴訟權(quán)利的行為予以制裁。
[Abstract]:Lawyers play an irreplaceable role in the construction of modern society ruled by law. With the process of rule of law, lawyers have completed the transformation from "national people" to "social people". Because of the particularity of their profession, the criminal defense lawyer has always been paid more and more attention by the society, but the construction of the lawyer system in our country is not satisfactory at present. In this paper, the study of the practice risk of criminal defense lawyers and its safeguard measures is based on the most basic problems of defense lawyers, and first expounds the professional characteristics of defense lawyers. Then it discusses the important mission of criminal defense counsel in the current new situation, and then specifies the regulations on the practice guarantee of criminal defense counsel in developed countries ruled by law in foreign countries. Then it expounds the current predicament of criminal defense lawyers in our country, which is mainly reflected in two aspects: one is that the legal provisions are not perfect, especially the provisions of Article 306 of the Criminal Law, which bring great legal risks to the practice of lawyers. At the same time, because of the institutional reasons, the defense lawyers are on the verge of the legal system for a long time, which makes it difficult for the defense lawyers to meet in the criminal defense, to obtain evidence and to defend. Second, due to the public misunderstanding of the defense lawyer profession, lawyers face a lot of practice risks. To explore the reasons, it is not difficult to find that there are not only the traditional legal culture of our country, but also the lack of legislation and the defects of the system. In addition, the shortcomings of the lawyers themselves are also an important reason. In order to fundamentally solve the dilemma of defense lawyers, the most important thing is to improve the protection measures of defense lawyers' rights. First of all, we should improve the professional quality of lawyers by improving the threshold of practice and standardizing the management system of lawyers. Secondly, because of the particularity of the profession of defense lawyers, lawyers should be given certain professional privileges, such as the privilege of keeping secrets and professional immunity. Third, in view of the defects of Article 306 of the Criminal Law, the provisions of this article are amended and perfected to protect the rights of lawyers in legislation. Finally, it is necessary to further improve the relevant provisions of procedural sanctions, and impose sanctions on violations of the litigation rights of defense lawyers.
【學位授予單位】：煙臺大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D926.5

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