【摘要】：什么是農(nóng)村法律援助?學(xué)界沒有一個完整而統(tǒng)一的概念。我們概括認為,所謂農(nóng)村法律援助,是指在國家設(shè)立的法律援助機構(gòu)的組織、指導(dǎo)和統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)下,有針對性地面向農(nóng)村地區(qū),由律師、公證員、基層法律工作者等法律服務(wù)人員為經(jīng)濟困難或案情特殊的當(dāng)事人提供幫助,減免收費,以保障實現(xiàn)其合法權(quán)益,完善國家司法公正機制,健全人權(quán)及社會保障機制的一項法律制度。農(nóng)村法律援助模式是指導(dǎo)我們?nèi)鎽?yīng)對農(nóng)村法律援助實踐中出現(xiàn)的問題,尋求最佳的解決問題的方法,制定切實可行的解決方案,最終處理好農(nóng)村法律援助中一切困難的方法總和。本文結(jié)合對本國的法律援助的研究,得出中國農(nóng)村法律援助模式現(xiàn)階段存在的三個問題：目前我國農(nóng)村法律援助模式不完善,普通法律援助模式借鑒意義有限；各地法律援助機構(gòu)資金困難,既存在量的不足,又存在調(diào)配的不公；缺乏監(jiān)督和統(tǒng)籌機制,開展農(nóng)村法律援助人力配置不足。歐美各國在法律制度方面走在世界的前列,法律援助模式也比較完善,本文通過對英、法、德、美等四國法律援助制度的比較研究,介紹了四國法律援助模式的運作及對中國的借鑒意義。中國農(nóng)村廣布、農(nóng)村人口總數(shù)和所占總?cè)丝跀?shù)比例均十分龐大,西方由于人口構(gòu)成絕大多數(shù)為城市人口,故并不存在也不必要存在農(nóng)村法律援助。這使得中國的農(nóng)村法律援助發(fā)展和模式選擇缺乏現(xiàn)成的例子可以參照。西方的"Rural Area"是荒無人煙的野外,并不住著人,中國的農(nóng)村法律援助,絕對不是西方所說的“Legal Aid in Rural Area",考慮到中國的農(nóng)村法律援助針對的是有人居住的農(nóng)村和上面居住的農(nóng)民,在對西方的交流中定義為"Legal Aid in Countryside"較為妥當(dāng)。筆者講過細致而縝密的研究,認為中國的農(nóng)村法律援助制度,必須走自己的模式,那就是：政府主導(dǎo)、高校參與、民間團體支持的模式。而要從根本上解決農(nóng)村法律援助的問題,則需要徹底破除城鄉(xiāng)二元的社會結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:What is rural legal aid? The academic circle does not have a complete and unified concept. We generally believe that the so-called rural legal aid refers to the organization, guidance and unified coordination of the legal aid institutions set up by the state, targeted to rural areas, with lawyers and notaries, Legal service personnel at the grass-roots level, such as legal workers, provide assistance to parties with economic difficulties or special cases, reduce or reduce fees, so as to ensure the realization of their legitimate rights and interests, and improve the national judicial justice mechanism. Improve the human rights and social security mechanism of a legal system. The mode of rural legal aid is to guide us to comprehensively deal with the problems in the practice of rural legal aid, to find the best way to solve the problems, and to formulate practical solutions. Finally deal with the rural legal aid in all the difficulties of the total method. Based on the study of legal aid in our country, this paper concludes that there are three problems in China's rural legal aid model: at present, the mode of rural legal aid in China is not perfect, and the general legal aid model is of limited significance for reference; The local legal aid institutions have difficulty in funding, not only lack of quantity, but also unfair allocation, lack of supervision and coordination mechanism, lack of manpower allocation of rural legal aid. European and American countries are at the forefront of the world in terms of legal systems, and the legal aid model is also relatively perfect. This paper makes a comparative study of the legal aid systems of Britain, France, Germany, and the United States. This paper introduces the operation of legal aid model of four countries and its reference significance to China. China's rural areas are widespread, the total rural population and the proportion of the total population are very large, because the majority of the population in the West is urban population, so there is no need for the existence of rural legal aid. This makes China's rural legal aid development and model selection lack of ready-made examples can be referenced. The "Rural Area" in the West is a desolate wilderness, not inhabited by people. China's rural legal aid is definitely not what the West calls "Legal Aid in Rural Area." In view of the fact that China's rural legal aid is aimed at inhabited rural areas and farmers living above, it is more appropriate to define the term "Legal Aid in Countryside" as "Legal Aid in Countryside" in the communication of the West. The author has said that the rural legal aid system in China must take its own mode, that is: government leading, university participation, and civil society support. In order to solve the problem of rural legal aid fundamentally, it is necessary to thoroughly break down the dual social structure of urban and rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D926.5

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉士國;宛錦春;;農(nóng)村法律援助機制的創(chuàng)新研究[J];社會科學(xué)家;2013年08期

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本文編號：2392867